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MOS area

Толкование Перевод

1 MOS area

Военный термин: категория ВУС

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MOS area
2 MOS area

категория ВУС

English-Russian military dictionary > MOS area
3 area

район; округ; площадь; участок; зона; область; пространство; категория ( действий); см. тж. ground; zone

booster (engine) disposal area — ркт. район сброса [падения] стартовых двигателей [(ракетных) ускорителей]

booster (engine) impact area — ркт. район сброса [падения] стартовых двигателей [(ракетных) ускорителей]

close-in (combat) training area — (учебное) поле для отработки приемов ведения ближнего боя

missile (site) support area — техническая позиция ракет

no entry area (nuclear) — запретный (для своих войск) район (район ЯВ)

radar (target) acquisition area — зона РЛ целеуказания

simulated (radioactive) contamination area — ложный [имитируемый] участок (радиоактивного) заражения

— acoustic shadow area

— actions area

— adjoining sea area

— administrative area

— advisory area

— air covered area

— air defended area

— air defense action area

— air defense area

— air defense engagement area

— air defense operations area

— air defense restricted area

— air defense warfare area

— air drop area

— air landing area

— air materiel area

— air objective area

— air refueling area

— air target area

— airborne alert area

— airborne area of operation

— airborne objective area

— aircraft dispersal area

— aircraft exclusion area

— aircraft loading area

— airhead maintenance area

— airmobile marshaling area

— airspace coordination area

— airspace danger area

— airspace warning area

— alert area

— alighting area

— alternate assembly area

— alternate deployment area

— ammunition upload area

— amphibious objective area

— amphibious tactical deployment area

— amphibious training area

— amphibious vehicle launching area

— antisubmarine screening area

— approach area

— approach passable area

— aptitude area

— area in defilade

— area of immediate contamination

— area of influence

— area of interest

— area of military significant fallout

— area of northern operations

— area of observation

— area of operational interest

— area of operations

— area of reduction

— area of responsibility

— area of strategic importance

— area of war

— armor killing area

— armor training area

— army area

— army crossing area

— army service area

— army support area

— artillery position area

— assault area

— assembly and arming area

— assembly and service area

— assembly and test area

— assembly area

— ASW patrol area

— athletic area

— attack area

— attrition area

— aviation support area

— bacteriologically contaminated area

— barrier area

— base area

— battalion area

— battalion crossing area

— battalion rear area

— battalion task force area

— battle area

— beach area

— beach maintenance area

— beach support area

— beach transit area

— billeting area

— biologically contaminated area

— blast area

— blast damage area

— block-type construction area

— boat assembly area

— booby-trap demonstration area

— breakthrough area

— bridge preassembly area

— brigade area

— brigade defensive area

— British Forces Maintenance area

— built-up area

— burst area

— cantonment area

— cargo assembly area

— casualty area

— catchment area

— centralized storage area

— checkout area

— chemically contaminated area

— city combat training area

— civil affairs area

— clandestine assembly area

— classified conference area

— clean area

— close fire support area

— cluster warhead submunition dispersal area

— coastal support area

— collecting area

— comb an area

— combat area

— combat patrolling area

— combat service support area

— command area

— communications area

— community area

— compact built-up area

— company defense area

— complex target area

— concentration area

— contact area

— contaminated air propagation area

— contamination area

— contingency A area

— contingency area

— control area

— controlled firing area

— convoy assembly area

— convoy marshaling area

— core area

— corps area

— corps service area

— corps storage area

— corps support area

— coverage area

— covering force area

— crisis area

— critical target area

— crossing area

— cushion area

— damage area

— dangerous area

— dead area

— debarkation area

— decisive area

— decontamination area

— defense area

— defensive area

— defensive coastal area

— defensive sea area

— delaying operations area

— delineate areas

— delivery area

— demilitarize an area

— demonstration test area

— denial area

— denial objects area

— denied area

— departure area

— dependent housing area

— dependent-restricted overseas area

— deplaning area

— deployment area

— detraining area

— detrucking area

— direct air support area

— direct fire engagement area

— dirty area

— disaster area

— disembarkation area

— disengagement area

— dispersal area

— dispersal parking area

— dispersion area

— displaced persons and refugee assembly area

— display area

— distant support target area

— distribution area

— division air support area

— division area

— division crossing area

— division support area

— divisional administrative area

— divisional maintenance area

— dropping area

— dummy area

— dummy assembly area

— dummy defensive area

— duty area

— early warning area

— economy-of-force area

— effective area

— effective beaten area

— effective disease area

— effective fire area

— effective landing area

— effective lethal area

— effective reflective area

— effects area

— embarkation area

— emergency area

— EMP destructive effects area

— employment area

— enemy area

— engagement area

— entraining area

— entrucking area

— equivalent target area

— estimated casualty area

— evacuation area

— exclusion area

— exercise area

— exit passable area

— expected areas of casualty density

— explosives area

— expulsion area

— extreme forward combat area

— FA service area

— fallout area

— farthest forward area

— fatal area

— field exercise area

— field firing area

— field gun area

— fighting area

— final assembly area before crossing

— final assembly area for attack

— fire area

— fire contact area

— fire control area

— fire coordination area

— fire support area

— firing area

— firing position area

— first echelon area of responsibility

— flank area

— fleet basing area

— floating dump area

— force maintenance area

— forces separation area

— forming-up area

— fortified area

— forward airhead maintenance area

— forward area

— forward assembly area

— forward battle area

— forward bridge preassembly area

— forward brigade administrative area

— forward combat area

— forward concentration area

— forward defense area

— forward defensive area

— forward echelon area of responsibility

— forward maintenance area

— forward staging area

— free drop supplies recovery area

— free fire area

— frontier area

— fuel storage area

— full radiological exclusion area

— functional area

— garrison area

— garrison training area

— gas-contaminated area

— general position area

— greatest intelligence productivity area

— ground training area

— ground zero area

— guidance and control area

— guidance area

— gun area

— gun-defended area

— gunnery training area

— halt area

— hardened storage area

— hazard area

— helicopter assembly area

— helicopter liftout area

— helicopter transport area

— helicopter-launching area

— hidden area

— hide area

— high fallout/no blast area

— high jamming area

— high risk area

— high threat area

— high-rise area

— hitting area

— holding area

— hookup area

— hostile fire area

— hostile launch antipodal area

— hot area

— hot-pad area

— IGBM defense deployment area

— impact area

— inactive area

— infiltration area

— initial assembly area

— inner rendezvous area

— inner transport area

— integrated lethal area

— intensified fire area

— interdiction area

— intermediate assembly area

— intermediate staging area

— intervention area

— inundation area

— jamming area

— joint security area

— jump area

— jungle training area

— killing area

— laager site area

— land impact area

— landing area

— landing ship area

— landing-attractive area

— landing-inviting area

— large dispersed aerosol contamination area

— launch base area

— launch control area

— launcher deployment area

— launching area

— lethality area

— light damage area

— light rescue area

— limited access area

— limited forces area

— limited radiological exclusion area

— lines of communication area

— liquid-contaminated area

— loading area

— local dispersal area

— local training area

— lodgement area

— loitering area

— long tour area

— low-threat area

— main battle area

— main defense area

— main defensive area

— main fighting area

— main support area

— maintenance area

— major built-up area

— major target area

— major training area

— maneuver area

— maneuver rights area

— maritime exclusion area

— marshaling area

— material balance area

— mating area

— maximum efforts application area

— maximum security area

— maximum supporting fires area

— maximum vulnerability area

— mess area

— metropolitan defense area

— military area

— mine warfare area

— mined area

— minor support area

— missile assembly and arming area

— missile checkout area

— missile defended area

— missile dispersion area

— missile hold area

— missile shadow area

— missile transfer area

— mission area

— mobilization area

— moderate damage area

— moderately contaminated area

— mortar area

— MOS area

— motor maintenance area

— mountain warfare training area

— mounting area

— movement control area

— multiple assembly area

— multiple contamination area

— NATO Early Warning area

— NATO guidelines area

— naval area

— naval support area

— NBC area of observation

— NBC contaminated area

— no fire area

— no go area

— non-deployment area

— nonvital area

— normal ground training area

— nuclear area

— nuclear deployment area

— nuclear effects area

— nuclear killing area

— nuclear safety area

— nuclear target area

— nuclear-powered BM submarine patrol area

— objective area

— obstructions area

— OP compound area

— open skin areas

— operating area

— operational area

— operational defensive area

— operations area

— opposition area

— optimum engagement area

— orbit area

— ordnance area

— outer transport area

— out-of-fire contact area

— outpost area

— overlap area

— overlapping nuclear package area

— overseas staging area

— patrolling area

— penetration area

— peripheral responsibility area

— personnel procurement area

— petroleum area

— phoney area

— phoney contaminated area

— plans area

— POL area

— POL hardened storage area

— port staging area

— position area

— possible hostile area

— post-decontamination area

— potential battle area

— potential kill area

— potential launch area

— preference service area

— preinvestigation holding area

— prelaunch area

— primary engagement area

— production area

— PW holding area

— radar detection area

— radar surveillance area

— radar warning area

— radioactive contamination area

— radiological area

— radiological exclusion area

— rallying area

— readiness area

— rear area

— rear assembly area

— rear defense area

— rear maintenance area

— rearming and turnaround area

— rearward area

— reception area

— reconnaissance area

— reconstitution area

— recovery area

— recreation area

— regiment defensive area

— regrouping area

— reinforcement assembly area

— reloading area

— rendezvous area

— reserve area

— residual radiation area

— resistance area

— rest area

— restricted area

— restricted fire area

— risk area

— riverine area

— round-up area

— safe area

— SAM launching area

— SAM target destruction area

— satellite intercept rendezvous area

— saturation fire area

— scattering area

— scouting area

— sea echelon area

— sealed area

— search area

— secondary target area

— security area

— sensitive area

— service area

— set-down area

— severe damage area

— shell swept area

— shelter area

— ship dispersal area

— site area

— small ozone-depleted area

— smoke-blanketed area

— Sovereign Base area

— special area

— special obstructions area

— specialist area

— spotting area

— stabilized area

— staging area

— standby area

— stand-down area

— static display area

— station area

— sterile area

— storage area

— strategic area

— strategic missile support area

— striking force area

— strip area

— submarine patrol area

— subsurface sea area

— supply and service area

— supply area

— support area

— surface area

— surveillance area

— suspected assembly area

— tactical area of responsibility

— tactical area

— tactical assembly area

— tactical battle area

— tactical defensive area

— tank rallying area

— tank training area

— tank water-tightening area

— tankproof area

— target acquisition area

— target area

— target engagement area

— target probable location area

— target transfer area

— test area

— thinly defended area

— threatened area

— track initiation area

— training area

— trains area

— transfer area

— transit area

— transport area

— transport assembly area

— underdeveloped area

— undermanned area

— unloading area

— unorganized area

— unrestricted area

— uploading area

— urban area

— vehicle dispersal area

— vehicle driving water area

— vehicle processing area

— vehicle staging area

— vehicle standby area

— vital air defense area

— vital area

— waiting area

— walk-out area

— warfare area

— water fording area

— water impact area

— water training area

— white area

— yellow area

— zone of communications forward area

— zone of communications rear area

English-Russian military dictionary > area
4 категория ВУС

Military: MOS area, career group, occupational field

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > категория ВУС
5 transistor

= tr, = trs, = xstr

1) транзистор || транзисторный

2) транзисторный радиоприёмник

•

- A-transistor
- actual transistor
- AD-transistor
- adaptive transistor
- aiding-field transistor
- all-epitaxial transistor
- all-implanted transistor
- all-metal spin transistor
- alloy transistor
- alloy-diffused transistor
- alloyed-collector transistor
- alloyed-emitter epitaxial-base transistor
- alloy-junction transistor
- alloy mesa transistor
- alloy-type transistor
- AM transistor
- analog transistor
- annular transistor
- avalanche transistor
- ballistic heterojunction bipolar transistor
- band-guard transistor
- bead transistor
- beam-lead transistor
- beam-of-light transistor
- beam-of-light heterojunction transistor
- beveled transistor
- bidirectional transistor
- bipolar transistor
- bipolar insulated-gate field-effect transistor
- bipolar junction transistor
- bipolar-junction field-effect transistor
- bonded-barrier transistor
- built-in-field transistor
- carrier diffusion-type transistor
- carrier-dritt-type transistor
- cartridge-type transistor
- charge-storage transistor
- chip transistor
- chopper transistor
- clamped transistor
- CMOS transistors
- coaxial transistor
- comma transistor
- common-base transistor
- common-collector transistor
- common-emitter transistor
- complementary transistors
- complementary MOS transistors
- complementary-symmetry MOS transistors
- complementary unijunction transistors
- composite transistor
- compound transistors
- compound-connected transistors
- conductivity-modulation transistor
- control transistor
- coplanar-electrode transistor
- D-transistor
- DA-transistor
- Darlington transistor
- Darlington-connected transistor
- DDE transistor
- DDP transistor
- deep-depletion transistor
- depletion-layer transistor
- depletion metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor
- depletion-mode metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor
- depletion-type thin-film insulated-gate transistor
- diffused transistor
- diffused-alloy transistor
- diffused-base transistor
- diffused-collector transistor
- diffused-emitter transistor
- diffused-emitter-base transistor
- diffused-emitter-collector transistor
- diffused-emitter epitaxial-base transistor
- diffused-junction transistor
- diffused mesa transistor
- diffused planar transistor
- diffusion transistor
- diode-connected transistor
- distributed transistor
- D-MOS transistor
- dot-mesa transistor
- double-base transistor
- double-diffused transistor
- double-diffused epitaxial transistor
- double-diffused epitaxial mesa transistor
- double-diffused MOS transistor
- double-diffused planar transistor
- double-doped transistor
- double-emitter transistor
- double-ended transistor
- double-implanted metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
- drift transistor
- drift-alloy transistor
- drift-field transistor
- dual-emitter transistor
- dual-gate field-effect transistor
- dual matched transistor
- duet transistor
- electrochemical junction transistor
- electrooptical transistor
- EM transistor
- emitter grid transistor
- enhancement-mode MOS transistor
- epitaxial transistor
- epitaxial-base transistor
- epitaxial-diffused transistor
- epitaxial-diffused junction transistor
- epitaxial-growth mesa transistor
- evaporated transistor
- exponentially-graded drift transistor
- ferroelectric field-effect transistor
- field transistor
- field-controlled transistor
- field-effect transistor
- field-effect tetrode transistor
- filamentary transistor
- five-electrode transistor
- five-layer transistor
- floating-gate avalanche-injection MOS transistor
- floating Si-gate tunnel-injection MIS transistor
- four-electrode transistor
- four-layer transistor
- four-region transistor
- four-terminal field-effect transistor
- FTMIS transistor
- full-adder transistor
- fully ion-implanted transistor
- fused transistor
- fused-contact transistor
- fused-impurity transistor
- fused-junction transistor
- germanium transistor
- graded-base transistor
- graded-junction transistor
- ground-base transistor
- grounded-base transistor
- ground-collector transistor
- grounded-collector transistor
- ground-emitter transistor
- grounded-emitter transistor
- grown transistor
- grown-diffused transistor
- grown-junction transistor
- heterojunction transistor
- heterojunction bipolar transistor
- heterostructure bipolar transistor
- heterostructure bipolar transistor with near ballistic operation
- high-alpha transistor
- high-current transistor
- high-electron-mobility transistor
- higher-ambient transistor
- high-frequency transistor
- high-gain transistor
- high-voltage transistor
- hole-conducting field-effect transistor
- hometaxial-base transistor
- homogeneous-base transistor
- homogeneously doped transistor
- homojunction transistor
- homojunction bipolar transistor
- hook transistor
- hook-collector transistor
- hot-electron transistor
- insulated-gate field-effect transistor
- integrated transistor
- integrated-circuit transistor
- interdigital transistor
- intrinsic transistor
- intrinsic-barrier transistor
- intrinsic-junction transistor
- intrinsic-region transistor
- inverse transistor
- inversely operated transistor
- inversion-channel transistor
- inverted transistor
- inverted-emitter transistor
- inverter transistor
- ion-implanted transistor
- ion-selective transistor
- ion-sensitive transistor
- ion-sensitive field-effect transistor
- isolated transistor
- junction transistor
- junction field-effect transistor
- junction-gate field-effect transistor
- laminar transistor
- laminated overlay transistor
- large-area transistor
- latching transistor
- lateral transistor
- layer-type transistor
- light-activated transistor
- light-activated programmable unijunction transistor
- logic transistor
- low-power transistor
- low-voltage transistor
- majority-carrier transistor
- meltback transistor
- melt-quench transistor
- memory transistor
- mesa transistor
- mesh transistor
- mesh-emitter transistor
- metal-base transistor
- metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor transistor
- metal-gate transistor
- metal-insulator-piezoelectric semiconductor-transistor
- metal-insulator-semiconductor transistor
- metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor
- metal-nitride-oxide-semiconductor transistor
- metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor
- metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
- metal-oxide-silicon transistor
- metal-Schottky gate field-effect transistor
- metal-silicon nitride-semiconductor field-effect transistor
- microalloy transistor
- microalloy diffused transistor
- microalloy diffused-base transistor
- microcircuit transistor
- micro disk transistor
- microlayer transistor
- micropower transistor
- microwave transistor
- minority-carrier injection transistor
- MIPS transistor
- MIS transistor
- MNOS transistor
- modulation-doped field-effect transistor
- monolithic transistor
- monolithic transistor with buried layer
- MOS transistor
- mosaic transistor
- MOS insulated-gate transistor
- multichannel field-effect transistor
- multiple-emitter transistor
- multiple-gate MOS transistor
- nanotube transistor
- narrow-base transistor
- narrow-channel transistor
- n-channel MNS transistor
- n-channel MOS transistor
- n+-n-n+ transistor
- nondiffused transistor
- nondiffused-base transistor
- nonuniform-base transistor
- n-p-i-n transistor
- n-p-i-p transistor
- n-p-n transistor
- n-p-n-p transistor
- n-p-v-n transistor
- n-v-n transistor
- off transistor
- on transistor
- one-electron transistor
- one-particle transistor
- optical transistor
- optoelectronic transistor
- out-diffused transistor
- overlay transistor
- packaged transistor
- parasitic transistor
- passivated transistor
- p-channel MNS transistor
- p-channel MOS transistor
- Pd-gate MOS transistor
- PED transistor
- pentode transistor
- pentode field-effect transistor
- permeable-base transistor
- photon-coupled transistor
- piezojunction transistor
- pinched-base transistor
- planar transistor
- planar epitaxial transistor
- planar-junction field-effect transistor
- planar multichannel field-effect transistor
- plastic transistor
- p-n hook transistor
- point transistor
- point-contact transistor
- point-junction transistor
- point-to-point transistor
- poly-gate transistor
- polymer transistor
- polymer-based transistor
- polysilicon field-effect transistor
- post-alloy-diffused transistor
- power transistor
- precision-alloy transistor
- programmable unijunction transistor
- proton enhanced diffusion transistor
- pull-up transistor
- push-pull transistor
- pwr transistor
- quiet transistor
- radiation damage-resistant transistor
- radio-frequency transistor
- rate-grown transistor
- reactance transistor
- remote-base transistor
- resonant-gate transistor
- retarding-field transistor
- ring transistor
- ring-base transistor
- saturated transistor
- SB transistor
- Schottky-barrier-collector transistor
- Schottky-barrier isolated-gate field-effect transistor
- SD transistor
- sealed junction transistor
- second-breakdown-resistant transistor
- selectively doped heterojunction transistor
- self-aligned double-diffused lateral transistor
- self-aligned gate field-effect transistor
- semiconductor-metal-semiconductor transistor
- short-wave transistor
- Si transistor
- silicon transistor
- silicon alloy diffused transistor
- silicon epitaxial planar transistor
- single-crystal thin-film transistor
- single-diffused transistor
- single-drift transistor
- small outline transistor
- SMS transistor
- snowflake transistor
- solid-circuit transistor
- space-charge-limited transistor
- stacked transistors
- staggered-electrode thin-film transistor
- star transistor
- static-induction transistor
- strain-sensitive transistor
- strip transistor
- stripe-base transistor
- substrate transistor
- surface-alloy transistor
- surface-barrier transistor
- surface charge transistor
- surface-controlled avalanche transistor
- surface-passivated transistor
- SW transistor
- switching transistor
- switching-type transistor
- symmetrical transistor
- tab transistor
- tandem transistor
- tetrode transistor
- thin-base transistor
- thin-base-layer transistor
- thin-film transistor
- thin-film-type field-effect transistor
- three-junction transistor
- thyratron transistor
- transit-time transistor
- traveling-wave transistor
- TRIM transistor
- tri-mask transistor
- triode transistor
- triple-base transistor
- triple-diffused transistor
- tunnel transistor
- two-dimensional electron gas field-effect transistor
- uniform-base transistor
- unijunction transistor
- unipolar transistor
- unipolar surface transistor
- vacuum-deposited transistor
- vertical transistor
- vertical electron transistor
- vertical field-effect transistor
- V-MOS transistor
- wafer transistor
- wide-band-gap heterojunction transistor
- wide-band-gap emitter heterojunction transistor
- wide-base transistor

English-Russian electronics dictionary > transistor
6 device

1) прибор; устройство; установка

2) компонент; элемент

3) план ( действий); схема; процедура

4) фигура речи

5) девиз; лозунг

•

- λ-device
- λ-shaped negative-resistance device
- absolute pointing device
- absolute value device
- accumulation-mode charge-coupled device
- acoustic correlation device
- acoustic delay device
- acoustic imaging device
- acoustic-surface-wave device
- acoustic-surface-wave interaction charge-coupled device
- acoustic-volume-wave device
- acoustic-wave device
- acoustooptic device
- acoustoresistive device
- active device
- active medium propagation device
- adaptive device
- add-on device
- all-junction device
- aluminum-gate MOS device
- amorphous semiconductor memory device
- amorphous semiconductor switching device
- analog device
- answer device
- antihunt device
- anti-inrush device
- antijamming device
- anti-pumping device
- antisidetone device
- antistatic device
- antistrike device
- AO device
- arc-control device
- array device
- attached device
- attention device
- audible signal device
- audio device
- audio-response device
- augmentative device
- autocorrelation device
- automatic holding device
- automatic-alarm-signal keying device
- avalanche device
- avalanche-effect device
- backup device
- band-compression device
- beam-expanding device
- beam-lead device
- beam-manipulating device
- beam-narrowing device
- beam-transforming device
- bidirectional device
- bipolar device
- bistable device
- bistable optical device
- block device
- BlueTooth device
- bogey electron device
- bubble device
- bubble domain device
- bubble lattice storage device
- bubble memory device
- bucket-brigade charge-coupled device
- bucket-brigade device
- built-in pointing device
- bulk channel charge-coupled device
- bulk-acoustic-wave device
- bulk-charge-coupled device
- bulk-effect device
- bulk-property device
- bulk-type acoustooptic device
- bunching device
- buried channel charge-coupled device
- burst device
- bus-powered device
- callback port protection device
- calling device
- carrier-operated antinoise device
- cascade charge-coupled device
- cascaded thermoelectric device
- center-bonded device
- CFAR device
- character device
- charge-control device
- charge-coupled device
- charge-coupled imaging device
- charge-coupled line imaging device
- charge-coupled storage device
- charge-injection device
- charge-injection imaging device
- charge-transfer device
- charge-trapping device
- chip device
- chip-and-wire device
- clip-on pointing device
- clustered devices
- CMOS device
- coder device
- coherent electroluminescence device
- color imaging device
- COM device
- complex programmable logic device
- compound device
- computer output microfilm device
- conductively connected charge-coupled device
- constant false-alarm ratio device
- consumer device
- contiguous-disk bubble domain device
- controlled avalanche device
- controlled-surface device
- correlation device
- countermeasure devices
- coupling device
- cross-correlation device
- cross-field device
- cryogenic device
- current-access magnetic bubble device
- current-controlled device
- current-controlled differential-negative-resistance device
- current-controlled DNR device
- current-mode logic device
- current-operated device
- custom device
- data entry device
- data preparation device
- data recording device
- deception devices
- decision-making device
- decoding device
- dedicated device
- deformable-mirror device
- DEFT device
- delay device
- dense device
- depletion-mode device
- detecting device
- DI device
- dielectric isolation device
- diffused device
- digit delay device
- digital device
- digital micromirror device
- diode-array imaging device
- direct electronic Fourier transform device
- direct-access storage device
- direct-view device
- direct-viewing device
- discrete device
- disk device
- display device
- distributed diode device
- distributed interaction device
- division device
- D-MOS device
- domain propagation device
- domain-tip device
- double-negative-resistance-device
- double-quantum stimulated-emission device
- dynamically configurable device
- eavesdropping device
- E-beam fabricated device
- EBS device
- edge-bonded device
- EL device
- elastooptic device
- electrically programmable logic device
- electroluminescence device
- electromagnetic device
- electron device
- electron-beam semiconductor device
- electronic device
- electronic imaging device
- electron-optical device
- electrooptical device
- elementary MOS device
- embedded device
- encoding device
- end device
- energy conversion device
- enhancement-mode device
- epiplanar device
- epitaxial-device
- error-sensing device
- exchange-coupled thin-film memory device
- external control device
- false-echo devices
- Faraday-rotation device
- fast-discharge device
- ferrite device
- ferroelectric device
- FET device
- fiber-laser device
- field-access memory device
- field-effect device
- field-effect transistor device
- field-emission device
- field-programmable interconnect device
- file device
- file-protection device
- fixed tap-weight bucket-brigade device
- floating-gate device
- fluidic-device
- follow-up device
- four-layer device
- four-terminal device
- Frame Relay access device
- free-electron device
- freestanding pointing device
- FS device
- full-speed device
- functional device
- galvanomagnetic device
- galvanomagnetic semiconductor device
- gate-array device
- graphic input device
- graphic output device
- gripping device
- groove locating device
- guided-wave acoustooptic device
- guided-wave AO Bragg device
- Gunn device
- Gunn-effect device
- gyromagnetic device
- Hall device
- Hall-effect device
- harbor echo ranging and listening device
- head-cleaning device
- heteroepitaxial device
- heterojunction device
- high-technology device
- high-threshold device
- homing device
- hot-electron device
- human interface device
- hybrid ferromagnet-semiconductor device
- hybrid integrated-circuit device
- hybrid-type device
- I/O device
- identification device
- image-storage device
- imaging device
- implanted device
- incidental radiation device
- industrial data collection device
- infrared charge-coupled device
- input device
- input-output device
- insulated-gate device
- integrated electron device
- integrated injection device
- integrated optic device
- integrating device
- interface device
- interlocking device
- ion-implantation device
- ion-implanted bubble device
- ion-injection electrostatic plasma confinement device
- jelly-bean device
- Josephson device
- Josephson-effect device
- junction device
- junction-gate device
- keying device
- known-good device
- large-area p-n junction device
- laser annealing device
- laser device
- laser welding device
- laser-beam machining device
- leaded device
- leadless device
- left ventricular assist device
- light-detecting device
- light-emitting device
- linear beam device
- linear imaging device
- locked dynamically configurable device
- logic device
- long-channel device
- low-speed device
- low-threshold device
- LS device
- magnetic bubble device
- magnetic detecting device
- magnetic device
- magnetic flux quantum device
- magnetic tunnel junction memory device
- magnetic-wave device
- magnetoelastic-wave device
- magnetoelectronic device
- magnetooptic bubble-domain device
- magnetostatic-wave device
- magnetostrictive device
- magnetotunneling device
- majority-carrier device
- make-and-break device
- manipulating device
- marginal device
- maser device
- matching device
- measurement device
- mechanical switching device
- memory device
- MEMS device
- MEMS-based device
- metal-gate device
- metal-insulator-metal device
- metal-insulator-piezoelectric semiconductor device
- metal-oxide-silicon device
- metal-semiconductor device
- microcomputer device
- microdiscrete device
- microelectromechanical system device
- microelectromechanical system-based device
- microelectronic device
- microfluidic device
- MIDI device
- minority-carrier device
- MIPS device
- MIS device
- MNOS device
- molecule-sized device
- MOS color imaging device
- MOS device
- MOS memory device
- MSW device
- M-type device
- multiaperture device
- multijunction device
- multilayered memory device
- multilevel storage device
- multiple-tap bucket-brigade device
- multiple-unit semiconductor device
- multiport device
- multistable device
- multiterminal device
- n-channel device
- negation device
- negative-resistance device
- night viewing device
- n-n heterojunction device
- noise-rejection device
- nonburst device
- noninverting parametric device
- nonreciprocal field-displacement device
- n-p-n device
- n-terminal device
- one-port device
- open-collector device
- optically coupled device
- optically pumped device
- optoelectronic device
- O-type device
- output device
- overlay device
- oxide-passivated device
- P&P device
- parallel device
- parametric device
- passivated device
- passive device
- pattern recognition device
- p-channel device
- p-channel MOS device
- periodic permanent magnet focusing device
- persistent current device
- persistent-image device
- personal communication device
- photoconducting device
- photoelectric device
- photoemissive device
- photosensitive device
- photovoltaic device
- picking device
- piezoelectric device
- piezomagnetic device
- planar device
- planar-doped barrier device
- plasma device
- plasma-coupled semiconductor device
- plotting device
- plug-and-play device
- plug-in device
- PMOS device
- p-n junction device
- PnP device
- p-n-p device
- p-n-p-n device
- point-contact superconducting device
- pointing device
- polysilicon charge-coupled device
- port protection device
- p-p heterojunction device
- PPM focusing device
- programmable device
- programmable logic device
- protective device
- punch-through device
- pyroelectric thermal imaging device
- quantum-dot resonant tunneling device
- quasioptical device
- quenched domain mode device
- radiation-measuring device
- random-access device
- rapid single flux quantum device
- readout device
- reciprocal device
- recognition device
- rectifying device
- regulating device
- relative pointing device
- restricted radiation device
- reverberation device
- ringing device
- robot control device
- rotating-field bubble device
- rotating-field bubble domain device
- RSFQ device
- safety device
- SAW device
- Schottky barrier semiconductor device
- Schottky device
- Schottky-barrier-gate Gunn-effect digital device
- SCSI device
- security device
- self-powered device
- self-reacting device
- self-synchronous device
- semiconductor device
- semiconductor switching device
- semiconductor-magnetic device
- sensing device
- serial device
- shallow-base device
- short-channel device
- short-circuit-stable device
- silicon imaging device
- silicon-gate MOS memory device
- silicon-on-insulating substrate device
- single-junction device
- single-tap bucket-brigade device
- single-unit semiconductor device
- slot device
- snap-on pointing device
- solid-state device
- SOS device
- sound-absorbing device
- spark-quenching device
- speech recognition device
- spin-wave device
- square-law device
- starting device
- static discharge device
- storage device
- storage display device
- storage-charge device
- stream device
- stream-oriented device
- stroke input device
- superconducting device
- superconducting quantum device
- superconducting quantum interference device
- surface acoustic-wave device
- surface charge-transfer device
- surface mount device
- surface-controlled device
- switching device
- symbolic device
- tape device
- tape-moving device
- TE device
- tensoelectric device
- terminal device
- thermoelectric cooling device
- thermoelectric device
- thermoelectric heating device
- thick-film device
- thin-film device
- Tokamak device
- transferred-electron device
- transferred-electron microwave device
- transit-time device
- traveling magnetic domain memory device
- traveling-wave Gunn effect device
- trip-free mechanical switching device
- tse device
- tube device
- tunnel device
- tunnel emission device
- twisted nematic device
- two-junction bipolar device
- two-port device
- two-terminal device
- ULA device
- uncommitted logic array device
- unidirectional device
- unilateral device
- unpacked device
- vacuum tunnel device
- variable grating mode device
- variable inductance cryogenic device
- vertical junction device
- VGM device
- V-groove MOS device
- virtual device
- visual signal device
- VMOS device
- V-MOS device
- voice-operated device
- voice-operated gain-adjusting device
- voltage-controlled device
- voltage-controlled differential-negative-resistance device
- voltage-controlled DNR device
- voltage-operated device
- wafer printing device
- wireless device
- X-ray detecting device
- YIG device

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > device
7 training

( боевая) подготовка; обучение; тренировка; наведение

ship-based training (for assault landing) — десантная подготовка совместно с кораблями и плавучими средствами

skill qualification (support) training — специальная подготовка по ВУС

— ab initio training

— abbreviated basic training

— abbreviated training

— academic training

— accelerated training

— active duty training

— ad hoc training

— add-on training

— administrative training

— advanced battle training

— advanced combat training

— advanced individual training

— advanced infantry training

— advanced training

— advanced unit training

— adventure training

— adventurous training

— aerial weapons training

— affiliate training

— aggressor training

— air weapon training

— airborne training

— aircraft recognition training

— air-mission training

— airmobile training

— air-to-air training

— air-to-ground training

— alerting training

— all-around training

— allied training

— all-weather training

— amphibious training

— annual active duty training

— annual field training

— antigas training

— antiriot training

— applied training

— apprentice training

— armor recognition training

— armor training

— armory drill training

— artillery training

— assault training

— attache training

— basic combat training

— basic training

— battle sound training

— battle training

— battlefield training

— bayonet training

— biological training

— bombardment training

— boot training

— border crossing training

— branch immaterial training

— branch material training

— cadre training

— career enhancing training

— catch-up training

— censorship training

— centralized training

— character guidance training

— citizenship training

— civil affairs training

— civil preparedness training

— classroom training

— close quarter marksmanship training

— collective training

— combat crew training

— combat environment training

— combat launch operational readiness training

— combat training

— combatant training

— combat-like training

— combined training

— combined-arms river crossing training

— combined-arms training

— common entry-level training

— common skills training

— common-track training

— communications training

— competitive training

— concurrent training

— construction training

— continental US training

— continuation training

— continuous training

— conventional training

— conversion training

— cooperative training

— cost-effective training

— counseling training

— counterinsurgency training

— counterpart training

— crash training

— crew training

— cross country driving training

— cross utilization training

— cross-attached team training

— cross-MOS training

— crossover training

— cross-rate training

— cryptographic training

— CW training

— cycle training

— cyclic training

— daylight night training

— decentralized training

— defensive CW training

— defensive NBC training

— defensive training

— definitive training

— demolitions training

— desert survival training

— desert training

— detachment training

— developmental training

— diagnostic training

— disciplinary training

— dismounted training

— dissimilar air combat training

— drill training

— dry training

— dry-net training

— dual-role aircraft training

— during-combat training

— dynamic training

— educational training

— enlisted training

— enrichment training

— entry-level training

— environmental training

— equipment training

— evaluator training

— evasion and escape training

— EW training

— Expert Infantryman Badge training

— extra training

— familiarization training

— field combat training

— field sanitation training

— field technical training

— field training

— fieldcraft training

— first-aid training

— first-assignment specific training

— fitness training

— flight training

— flying training

— follow-on training

— force-on-force training

— foreign area training

— foreign weapons familiarization training

— foreign-exchange training

— formal unit training

— formalized training

— fragmented annual training

— full-time training

— garrison training

— gas defense training

— gas training

— general military training

— give training

— go-no-go training

— grenade training

— ground attack training

— gunnery-oriented training

— hand-on equipment training

— hand-to-hand combat training

— Higher Defence training

— home station training

— hospital returnee training

— identification training

— inactive duty training

— in-country training

— individual basic training

— individual technical training

— individual training

— indoor gunnery training

— induct for training

— infantry training

— initial entry training

— initial skill training

— initial training

— in-job training

— innovative training

— in-residence training

— in-service training

— institutional training

— intelligence training

— intensive basic military training

— interactive full crew training

— interim refresher training

— interoperability training

— inter-service training

— intertype training

— intra-unit training

— job instruction training

— joint airborne training

— joint service training

— jump training

— jungle training

— language training

— laser-instrumented training

— lateral training

— leadership training

— lead-in training

— line training

— live-fire training

— low-level training

— mandatory training

— maneuver training

— march training

— marksmanship training

— mechanical training

— medical training

— Military Assistance Grant Aid training

— military justice training

— military operations in built-up areas training

— military operations on urbanized terrain training

— military training

— militia training

— mine training

— minimum essential training

— minimum individual training

— missile firing training

— mission related training

— mobile forces training

— mobility training

— mobilization training

— module training

— morale and tradition training

— MOS training

— motivational training

— mountain training

— mounted training

— multiechelon training

— multilevel training

— multinational training

— multirole training

— multitrack training

— NATO-oriented training

— NBC training training

— new equipment training

— night training

— night vision training

— no-light aided eye training

— no-light unaided eye training

— nonmobilized status training

— nonresident instruction training

— novice training

— nuclear weapon training

— obligation training

— observer training

— obstacle training

— offensive combat training

— offensive CW training

— officers' training

— one station unit training

— one-on-one training

— one-track training

— on-the-ground training

— on-the-job training

— operational readiness training

— operational training

— opposed forces/threat training

— organizational effectiveness training

— organizational training

— orientation training

— out-of-camp training

— outside of continental US training

— overseas area training

— overseas deployment training

— overview training

— paid training

— paramilitary training

— part time training

— phased training

— physical readiness training

— position specific training

— post-cycle training

— post-mobilization training

— preappointment training

— precommission training

— preentry training

— preexercise training

— premobilization training

— prepackaged training

— primary training

— prime time training

— process-oriented training

— product-oriented training

— progression training

— progressive training

— protective CW training

— radiation training

— Ranger training

— readiness training

— realistic training

— real-world training

— receive training

— reconditioning training

— recovery training

— recruit training

— recurring training

— redeployment training

— redundant training

— refresher training

— rehabilitation training

— reinforcement training

— remedial training

— replacement training

— reserve cycle training

— reserve duty training

— resettlement training

— resident school training

— rifle marksmanship training

— rigorous training

— rotational training

— safety training

— salvage training

— scenario-oriented training

— schedule training

— scheduled training

— security training

— selection training

— shipboard troop training

— side-by-side training

— signal training

— simulator-assisted training

— simulator-based training

— single-service training

— situational training

— ski training

— skill training

— small arms training

— small boat training

— small unit training

— sniper training

— soldiering skills training

— Special Air Service training

— special training

— specialist training

— speciality training

— specialized tactical training

— specialized training

— special-to-arm training

— stationary training

— stereotyped training

— stress inoculation training

— supervisor training

— survival training

— sustainment training

— syllabus training

— systems specific training

— tactical training

— tank common training

— tank gunnery training

— tank skill training

— tank training

— tank-infantry training

— team training

— technical training

— tower training

— toxic warfare training

— trade training

— training area training

— training extension course training

— training with limited resources

— transition training

— transportation training

— troop lift training

— troop training

— truck training

— undergo training

— undergraduate training

— underway training

— ungraded training

— unilateral training

— uniservice training

— unisex basic training

— unit training

— universal military training

— upgrade training

— upgrading training

— urban warfare training

— visual training

— vocational rehabilitation training

— water survival training

— weapons delivery training

— weapons training

— weekend training

— wet-net training

— wetshod assault training

English-Russian military dictionary > training
8 tero

tĕro, trīvi, trītum, 3 ( perf. terii, acc. to Charis. p. 220 P.; perf. sync. tristi, Cat. 66, 30), v. a. [root ter; Gr. teirô, truô, tribô, to rub; cf. Lat. tribulare, triticum; akin to terên, tender, Lat. teres], to rub, rub to pieces; to bruise, grind, bray, triturate (syn.: frico, tundo, pinso).
I.
Lit. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
A.
In gen.: num me illuc ducis, ubi lapis lapidem terit? (i. e. into a mill), Plaut. As. 1, 1, 16:
lacrimulam oculos terendo vix vi exprimere,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 23:
teritur lignum ligno ignemque concipit attritu,
Plin. 16, 40, 77. § 208: sed nihil hederā praestantius quae [p. 1860] teritur, lauro quae terat, id. ib.:
aliquid in mortario,
id. 34, 10, 22, § 104:
aliquid in farinam,
id. 34, 18, 50, § 170:
bacam trapetis,
Verg. G. 2, 519:
unguibus herbas,
Ov. M. 9, 655:
dentes in stipite,
id. ib. 8, 369:
lumina manu,
Cat. 66, 30:
sucina trita redolent,
Mart. 3, 64, 5:
piper,
Petr. 74:
Appia trita rotis,
Ov. P. 2, 7, 44:
cibum in ventre,
i. e. to digest, Cels. 1 praef. med. — Poet.: labellum calamo, i. e. to rub one ' s lip (in playing), Verg. E. 2, 34:
calcemque terit jam calce Diores,
treads upon, id. A. 5, 324:
crystalla labris,
Mart. 9, 23, 7.—
B.
In partic.
1.
To rub grain from the ears by treading, to tread out, thresh:
frumentum,
Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 5:
milia frumenti tua triverit area centum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 45:
area dum messes teret,
Tib. 1, 5, 22:
teret area culmos,
Verg. G. 1, 192; cf.:
ut patria careo, bis frugibus area trita est,
i. e. it has twice been harvest-time, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 19.—
2.
To cleanse or beautify by rubbing, to smooth, furbish, burnish, polish, sharpen (syn.:
polio, acuo): oculos,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 103:
crura mordaci pumice,
Ov. A. A. 1, 506:
hinc radios trivere rotis,
smoothed, turned, Verg. G. 2, 444:
vitrum torno,
Plin. 36, 26, 66, § 193:
catillum manibus,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 90:
tritus cimice lectus,
Mart. 11, 33, 1.—
3.
To lessen by rubbing, to rub away; to wear away by use, wear out:
(navem) ligneam, saepe tritam,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 52:
hoc (tempus) rigidas silices, hoc adamanta terit,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6. 14:
ferrum,
to dull, id. M. 12, 167:
mucronem rubigine silicem liquore,
Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 15:
trita labore colla,
Ov. M. 15, 124:
trita subucula,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 96:
trita vestis,
id. ib. 1, 19, 38:
librum,
i. e. to read often, Mart. 8, 3, 4; 11, 3, 4; cf.:
quid haberet, Quod legeret tereretque viritim publicus usus?
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 92:
pocula labris patrum trita,
Mart. 11, 12, 3: ut illum di terant, qui primum olitor caepam protulit, crush, annihilate, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 681 P.—
4.
Of persons, pass., to be employed in. occupied with:
nos qui in foro verisque litibus terimur,
Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 5:
litibus,
id. ib. 10, 12, 3.—
5.
To tread often, to visit, frequent a way or place (cf.:
calco, calcito): angustum formica terens iter,
Verg. G. 1, 380:
iter propositum,
Prop. 2, 30 (3, 28), 14:
Appiam mannis,
Hor. Epod. 4, 14:
viam,
Ov. A. A. 1, 52; Lucr. 1, 927:
via trita pede,
Tib. 4, 13, 10:
ambulator porticum terit,
Mart. 2, 11, 2:
limina,
id. 10, 10, 2:
mea nocturnis trita fenestra dolis,
Prop. 4 (5), 7, 16:
nec jam clarissimorum virorum receptacula habitatore servo teruntur,
Plin. Pan. 50, 3: flavaeque terens querceta Maricae Liris, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr 259. —
6.
In mal. part.:
Bojus est, Bojam terit,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 108; so Prop. 3, 11 (4. 10), 30; Petr. 87. —
II.
Trop. (freq. in good prose).
A.
To wear away, use up, i. e. to pass, spend time; usu. to waste, spend in dissipation, etc. (syn.:
absumo, consumo): teritur dies,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 20:
diem sermone terere segnities merast,
id. Trin. 3, 3, 67:
naves diem trivere,
Liv. 37, 27, 8:
tempus in convivio luxuque,
id. 1, 57, 9:
tempus ibi in secreto,
id. 26, 19, 5:
omnem aetatem in his discendis rebus,
Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 123:
teretur interea tempus,
id. Phil. 5, 11, 30:
jam alteram aetatem bellis civilibus,
Hor. Epod. 16, 1:
omne aevum ferro,
Verg. A. 9, 609:
spe otia,
id. ib. 4, 271:
otium conviviis comissationibusque inter se,
Liv. 1, 57, 5. —
B.
To expend, employ (late Lat.):
qui operam teri frustra,
Amm. 27, 12, 12. —
C.
To exert greatly, exhaust:
ne in opere longinquo sese tererent, Liv 6, 8, 10: ut in armis terant plebem,
id. 6, 27, 7.—
D.
Of language, to wear out by use, i. e. to render common, commonplace, or trite (in verb finit. very rare, but freq. as a P. a.):
jam hoc verbum satis hesterno sermone trivimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18:
quae (nomina) nunc consuetudo diurna trivit,
id. Fin. 3, 4, 15.—
* E.
To tread under foot, i. e. to injure, violate a thing:
jurata deorum majestas teritur,
Claud. in Rufin. 1, 228. — Hence, P. a.: trītus, a, um.
A.
Prop. of a road or way, oft-trodden, beaten, frequented, common:
iter,
Cic. Phil. 1, 3, 7:
via,
id. Brut. 81, 281:
quadrijugi spatium,
Ov. M. 2, 167. — Sup.:
tritissima quaeque via,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 1, 2. —
B.
Fig.
1.
Practised, expert:
tritas aures habere,
Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4; so id. Brut. 32, 124.— Comp.:
tritiores manūs ad aedificandum perficere,
Vitr. 2, 1, 6. —
2.
Of language, used often or much, familiar, common, commonplace, trite:
quid in Graeco sermone tam tritum atque celebratum est, quam, etc.,
Cic. Fl. 27, 65:
nomen minus tritum sermone nostro,
id. Rep. 2, 29, 52:
ex quo illud: summum jus summā injuriā factum est jam tritum sermone proverbium,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33.— Comp.:
faciamus tractando usitatius hoc verbum ac tritius,
Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 27:
compedes, quas induere aureas mos tritior vetat,
Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 152.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tero
9 Fjalor i shkurtër terminoiogjik i informatikës

A

Abort - ndërprerje e operacionit, procesit ose procedures gjatë kryerjes së tij.

Accept - pranon.

Access time - koha e arritjes së të dhënave.

Accessories - veglat ndihmëse në Windows.

Adapter - kartelë për zgjerim e cila instalohet në kompjuter.

Adress register - numër hemksadecimal i cili e tregon adresën e lokacionit të caktuar të memorjes.

Algorithm - zgjidhja e një problemi hap pas hapi.

allocate - ndarje të resurseve të kompjuterit, si për shembull në disk, shtypës ose memorje të çdo skedari, shfrytëzuesi ose procesi.

alpha numeric characters - shenja alfanu-merike. Të gjitha shenjat që i shfrytëzon kompjuteri, përfshirë këtu edhe shkronjat, shifrat, shenjat për interpunksion dhe shenjat speciale, siç janë: \$, \@ i \#

ANSI (American National Standar Institute) - Instituti Nacional Amerikan për Standarde.

ASCII ( American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - Kodi amerikan për këmbim të informacioneve. Renditje standarde e shtatë shifrave binare (shifra e shtatë mund të jepet për kontroll të çiftësisë) e cila aplikohet për paraqitjen e shenjave në kompjuter.

Animation - animacion - Iluzion i lëvizjes me paraqitje të shpejtë të fotografive të njëpasnjëshme, e cila arrihet me përdorim të harduerit dhe softuerit përkatës. Programet më të njohura për animacion janë: 3 D Studio, Autodesk Chaos, Imagine etj.

Application - program i cili është i dedikuar për shfrytëzuesit e rëndomtë, i cili është i projektuar për kryerje të ndonjë pune të caktuar. Për shembull aplikacioni për kontabilitet financiar.

Application development tools - vegla për krijim të programeve aplikative.

ALU ( Arithmetic-Logic Unit) - njësi aritmetiko-logjike. Është pjesë e njësisë qendrore (çip i mikroprocesorit) e cila kryen operacione kryesore aritmetike dhe logjike me të dhënat.

Artificial Intelligence - intelegjencë artificiale. Emër i sistemeve të kompjuterit që duhet të shfaqin inteligjencë njerëzore, si kuptim për fjalën e thënë, si reagim ndaj ambientit të tyre fizik dhe adaptimit ndaj kushteve të tilla.

Ascending order - rendi i radhitjes së elementeve sipas rendit të rritjes, prej vlerave më të vogla kah më të mëdhatë (a, b, c...)

Assembler - përkthyes programor. Program i projektuar që t'i transformojë instruksionet simbolike në formë më të qëlluar për t'i kryer në kompjuter.

Assign - dhënie vlerë diçkaje që është shfrytëzuar në programim.

Asterisk - shenja * (yll). Përdoret si shenjë xhoker që mundëson specifikim të disa skedarëve përnjëherë.

Auto CAD - program aplikativ për projektim kompjuterik dhe disenjim.

B

Backbone - niveli më i lartë në një rrjet kierarkik kompjuterik.

Backslash - shenja \\ ( ASCII kodi 92). Përdoret në specifikimin e rrugës së diskut ku gjendet skedari i kërkuar.

Backspace - zhvendosje e kursorit për një vend prapa.

Backup - kopje rezerve. Bëhet kopje e përmbajtjes së diskut të kompjuterit dhe atë në mënyrë periodike, ndërsa vendoset në shirit magnetik ose në CD.

Bad sector - sektori jo në rregull. Pjesë e disketës ose diskut ku nuk nuk mund dhe ku nuk është e sigurt të shkruhen informacione

Bad trac table - tabelë e shtigjeve që nuk janë në rregull. Listë e pjesëve të çrregulluara fabrikisht dhe të pasigurta për shkruarje, e cila është e ngjitur në pjesën e prapme të diksut.

Bandwidth - njësi matëse për sasinë e të dhënave të cilat mund të transmetohen përmes ndonjë rrjeti të komunikimit në një sekondë.

Bar chart - diagram në formë të shiritave.

Bar code - paraqitje e shenjave alfanu-merike me ndihmën e vijave vertikale me gjatësi të ndryshme. Përdoret si mënyrë për shifrim universal të prodhimeve.

Bar code reader - lexues bar cod. Pajisje optike për lexim të shenjave bar cod.

BIOS (Basic Input Output System) - grup i programeve më të vogla detyra e të cilave është të shfaqë test rutinor kur kyçet kompjuteri, si dhe ta startojë sistemin operativ të kompjuterit.

BASIC - gjuhë programore e cila është e lehtë për mësim.

Batch - pako. Bashkësi e elementeve ose dokumeneteve të cilat përpunohen si tërësi.

Batch processing - përpunim paketor. Teknikë që përdor vetëm një inkuadrim të programit në memorjen kryesore për shkak të përpunimit të më tepër detyrave të veçanta njëra pas tjetrës.

Baud - bod. Kapacitet maksimal për transmetim të informacioneve në një kanal të komunikimit, i cili është njësi matëse e numrit të ndryshimeve të niveleve në sekondë.

Benchmark - krahasim. Program standard i cili shërben për përcaktimin e performansave të kompjuterëve të ndryshëm.

Beta version - version prove i softuerit para daljes së tij zyrtare në treg.

BIT ( Binary digiT) - shifra binare janë 0 dhe 1. Kompjuterët digjital procesojnë informacione në formë digjitale, ndërsa zbatojnë vetëm shifra të sistemit binar. Ato zakonisht paraqiten me tension prej 5 V për numrin 1, gjegjësisht 0 V për numrin O.

Binary file - skedar binar i cili përbëhet prej disa bitave, por i cili nuk është skedar tekstual. Zakonisht ato janë programe me fotografi.

Binary system - sistem binar. Sistem numërimi për shkruarje të numrave në kompjuter. Aty ka vetëm dy shifra 0 dhe 1.

Bps (Bits per second) - bit në sekondë. Masë për shpejtësinë e transmetimit të rrjetave kompjuterike

Blank - i zbrazët, i pashkruar. Shenjë që i përdoret për paraqitjen e vendit të zbrazët ndërmjet shenjave të shtypura.

Bold - shkronja me kontura më të trasha dhe më të errëta

Bookmark - reference e cila na drejton kah ndonjë dokument i caktuar hipertekstual i Internetit.

Boot - startimi i kompjuterit, gjatë së cilës fillon puna e sistemit operativ.

Boot block - pjesë e diskut ku gjendet softueri i cili i mundëson kompjuterit ta fillojë punën.

Boot disk - disk ose disketë prej së cilës startohet sistemi operativ.

Break - ndërpren. Sinjal special i cili e ndërpet punën e ndonjë programi. Shpesh fitohet me shtypje të tasteve Ctrl dhe C përnjëherë.

Browser - fletëkërkues. Program i cili është i dedikuar për shikimin e dokumenteve hipertekstuale të Internetit. Me ndihmën e tij shrytëzohet servisi më i dobishëm i Internetit WWW (W orld W ide W eb). Fletëkërkuesit më të njohur janë Microsoft Internet Explorer dhe Netscape Navigator.

Buffer - bafer. Vend në kujtesën kryesore të kompjuterit për ruajtje të përkohshme të të dhënave.

Bug - gabim, defekt. Gabim i paqëllimtë në program, për shkak të të cilit programi nuk punon si duhet. Në përkthimin më tekstual nënkupton bubë dhe mendohet se rrjedh prej ngjarjes kur mola është kapur për ndonjë relej të kompjuterëve të parë dhe e ka pamundësuar punën e tij.

Bullet - shenjë për renditje e cila përdoret në programet për përpunim të tekstit.

BBS (Bulletin Board System) - tabelë elektronike për shpallje. Shërbim telekomunikues përmes të të cilit konsumatorët komunikojnë, këmbejnë informata etj.

Bus - mbledhëse. E lidh pllakën amë të kompjuterit me procesorin, kujtesën, diskun dhe elementet tjera kompjuterike.

Byte - bajt. Tetë bita. Shpesh është numër binar tetëshifror i cili paraqet një shkronjë.

C

Cache - kesh. Pjesë e kujtesën e rezervuar për ruajtje të të dhënave që përdoren shpesh, te të cilat procesori ka qasje shumë më të shpejtë sesa në hard disk. Kujtesën kesh mund të gjendet në memorjen RAM ose në hard disk.

Cancel button - tast për shfuqizimin e funksionit të zgjedhur. Te numri më i madh i programeve tasti për shfuqizim aktivizohet me shtypjen e tastit Esc.

Case sensitive - dallimi i shkronjave të mëdha dhe të vogla. Me shpesh gjatë krahasimit të dy fjalëve apo teksteve.

CRT (cathode ray tube) - gypi katodik i ekranit.

CPU (C entral P rocessing U nit) - njësi qendrore e procesuimit. Zemër e kompjuterit personal. Udhëheq dhe drejton me të gjitha operacionet për përpunim të të dhënave.

Centronics port - portë e kompjuterit në të cilën shpesh lidhet shtypësi.

Chanel - kanal. Rrugë në të cilën transmetohet informacioni digjital në kompjuter.

Character - shenjë; karakter. Cilado shkronjë, shenjë e interpunksionit, ose ndonjë nga njëqind shenjat tjera që mund të vërehen në ekran, gjegjësisht të cilat mund të shtypen.

CPI (character per inch) - numër i shenjave në një inç. Njësi matëse për matjen e dendësisë së shkrimit. Shprehet me numër të shenjave në një inç.

Check box - kuti katrore për dialog e cila mund të jetë e kyçur ose e çkyçur, gjegjësisht të jetë e zgjedhur ose jo, ndonjë opcion në kornizën për dialog.

Checksum - shumë për kontroll. Shuma e numrave që përdoren për kontrollim të mbledhjes.

Click - klik. Shtypje dhe lëshim i tastit të minakut, pa mos e lëvizur.

Client - klient. Sistem i cili mund të punojë i pavarur, edhe pse në një masë edhe ky është i varur prej ndonjë sisitemi tjetër. Për kompjuterin që është i lidhur në rrjet kompjuterik shpesh thuhet se është klient.

Client-server network - rrjet i tipit klient-server.

Clip art - bashkësi e vizatimeve grafike dhe fotografive të shkruara në skedar të veçantë i cili është i arritshëm për përdorim të ndonjë aplikacioni, për shembull, për përpunim të tekstit ose të grafikës.

Clipboard - kohësisht, skladim i fshehur për tekst ose fotografi të cilat priten ose kopjohen.

Clock speed - shpejtësi e ores. Shpejtësia e punës së procesorit në kompjuter matet me megahercë (MHz) ose me gigahercë (GHz).Sa më e shpejtë është shpejtësia e procesorit, aq më tepër urdhëra mund të kryejë kompjuteri.

Clone - klon. Kompjuter i cili paraqet kopje të suksesshme të kompjuterit tjetër të (standardizuar). Më shpesh kjo u dedikohet atyre kompjuterëve të cilët janë kompatibil me kompjuterët e kompanisë IBM.

Cod - kod. Diçka që është shkruar me gjuhën kompjuterike, në letër ose në kompjuter.

Code page - faqe e koduar. Tabelë e cila tregon se cili karakter i përgjigjet shenjës në ekran dhe me shtypjen e tasterit a përfitohet e njëjta shenjë.

CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) -videokartelë e cila është më e vjetëruar.

COM port - portë seriale. Më shpesh në kompjuterët ekzistojnë dy porta seriale të shënuara si C0M1 dhe COM2.

Command interperter - program i cili i integron dhe i përpunon urdhërat e dhënë në kompjuter. Në sistemin operativ DOS është programi C0MAND.COM, ndërsa në WINDOWS është WIN.INI

COBOL (Common Business Orientated Language) - gjuhë progamore nga gjeneratat më të vjetra të cilat përdoren për aplikacione financiare.

Communication protocol - përmbledhje e programeve e cila mundëson transmetim dhe këmbim të të dhënave ndërmjet dy ose më tepër kompjuterëve.

CD (Compact Disc) - kompakt disk. Medium për memorim të të dhënave digjitale dhe audio. Në kompakt disk mund të vendoset muzikë prej 72 minutave ose të dhëna prej 650 MB.

CD ROM (Comapct Disc Read Only Memory) - njësi harduerike për leximin e kompakt disqeve. Me këtë njësi mund vetëm të lexojmë e jo edhe të shlyejmë ose të regjistrojmë të dhëna të reja.

COMPAQ (COMPAtibility Quality) - shenjë e prodhimeve cilësore të kompjuterëve desktop dhe laptop.

Compiler - kompajler; përkthyes. Program i cili i përkthen disa gjuhë të larta programesh në ndonjë gjuhë makinerike.

CompuServe - njëra ndër rrjetat më të mëdha të Internetit në botë. Klientëve të tyre ju ofron këmbim të skedarëve, të të dhënave, të postës elektronike etj.

CAD (Computer Aided Design) - shfrytëzim i kompjuterit për krijime të vizatimeve ose për projektime të ndonjë objekti ose sistemi. Programet më të njohura nga kjo sferë janë Auto Cad, Auto Sketch, Design CAD, Lab View etj.

CAM (Computer Aided Manifacture) - prodhim me ndihmën e kompjuterit.

CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) - vegël softuerike për programerët. Shfrytëzohen për planifikim, analizim si dhe projektim të dokumentacionit në softuerin kompjuterik.

Computer analyst - analitik kompjuteristik. Person i cili i definon problemet dhe saktësisht i pëcakton hapat për zgjidhjen e tyre me anë të kompjuterit.

Configuration - konfiguracion. Mënyrë e lidhshmërisë së kompjuterit me njësitë tjera periferike në një sistem të përbashkët.

Controller - vegël teknike e cila i mundëson veglës tjetër të komunikojë me kompjuterin.

Conversion - konverzion. Proces i transformimit të të dhënave (tekst, grafik) nga një format në tjetër.

Cooki file - skedar në të cilin ruhen skedarët e shfrytëzuar (cookies). Zakonisht gjendet në emërtuesin bashk me fletëkërkuesin (shembull në emërtuesin Internet Explorer).

Corel DRAW- Pako programore e dedikuar për vizatim dhe punim me fotografi.

Corrupted file - skedar i dëmtuar. Dëmtimi mund të jetë për shkak të ektorëve të diskut që nuk janë në rregull, prishjes fizike ose gabimeve të shkaktuara nga programi.

Crash - gjendje kur kompjuteri bie prej funksionimit të tij dhe më tutje nuk mund të përdoret. Pas kësaj kompjuteri zakonisht përseri startohet.

Current drive - disk me të cilin shfrytëzuesi punon momentalisht.

Cursor - kursori. Tregues i pozicionimit. Vijë vertikale e lëvizshme që dridhet dhe vezullon e që paraqitet në ekran si indikator vizuel e cila mund të dislokohet edhe vertikalisht edhe horizontalisht me anë të urdhërave prej tastierës.

Cyberphobia - kiberfobia. Frikë nga kompjuteri.

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) - metodë e testimit për të dhënat dalëse nga disku për shkak të sigurisë prej gabimeve.

D

Data - të dhënat. Nocion i përgjithshëm për numrat, simbolet dhe madhësitë analoge të cilat shfrytëzohen si madhësi dalëse për përpunimin e kompjuterit.

Database - baza e të dhënave. Bashkësi e të dhënave të lidhura ndërmjet vete dhe të organizuara paraprakisht. Programet më të njohura për udhëheqjen e bazave të të dhënave janë: Oracle, MS SQL Server, Informix, Sybase etj.

Data security - mbrojtje e të dhënave nga ndërhyrjet e qëllimta ose të rastësishme nga njerëz jo të autorizuar.

Data type - tip i të dhënave. Mund të jenë: tekstuale, numerike, logjike, dhe të dhëna të datave.

Dead lock - ndërprerje; bllokim. Situatë kur ndonjë program nuk mund të realizohet në kompjuter, për shkak se e pret rastin që faktikisht kurrë nuk do të ndodh.

Debug - testim i programit të kompjuterit me korrigjim të gabimeve të paraqitura në te.

Default value - ndonjë vlerë që nënkuptohet. Vlerë që programi automatikisht e zgjedh po qe se shfrytëzuesi nuk jep ndonjë vlerë tjetër. Për shembull ngjyrat që i jep WIND0WS-i janë default vetëm po qe se shfrytëzuesi nuk i përdor.

Defragmentation - defragmentim. Proces i bashkangjitjes i të dhënave të një programi në disk, që të mund të shpejtohet puna e tij. Është e preferueshme që defragmenting të bëhet një herë në javë, për të shpejtuar punën e diskut.

Density - dendësi. Njësi matëse për numrin e të dhënave të cilat mund të shkruhen në ndonjë medium (disketë, shirit magnetik etj).

Decsending sort - renditje me radhitje të kundërt.

Desktop - sipërfaqja aktive e ekranit gjatë punës me Windows, e cila përmban dritare dhe ikona.

Desktop computer - kompjuter i cili pozicionohet horizontalisht në tavolinën punës.

DTP (Desktop Publishing) - Pako e softuerit me të cilën kompjuteri mund të përdoret për disenj të dokumenteve, duke përfshirë fotografi, tekst dhe kontroll të pamjes së dokumenteve dhe shtypjen e tyre.

Destination file - skedar që pranon.

Device - vegël, mjet, përbërje, njësi. Nocion i përgjithshëm i cili shfrytëzohet për të identifikuar ndonjë komponentë të kompjuterit (disk, tastaturë, minak, etj).

Device driver - softuer i cili i mundëson kompjuterit të komunikojë me njësitë periferike.

DAT (Digital Audio Tape) - shirit magnetik në të cilin memorizohen të dhënat me sasi shumë të mëdha.

DVD (Digital Video Disk) - teknologji e harduerit e cila mundëson shiqimin e filmave, spoteve muzikore etj.

DMA (Direct Memory Access) - proces i transmetimit të një sasie të madhe të të dhënave ndërmjet diskut dhe kujtesës punuese të kompjuterit.

DirectX - varg i programeve standarde për aplikacione të Microsfti-t, i dedikuar për lojra dhe aplikacione multimediale.

Disk controller - kartelë e cila e lidh kompjuterin me diskun; zakonisht gjendet në pjesën e poshtme të diskut.

Disk drive - njësi fizike e cila e pranon dhe e kthen diskun magnetik dhe mundëson lexim dhe shkrim të të dhënave.

DOS (Disk Operating System) - njëri ndër sistemet më të njohura operative i cili është shumë përfshirës dhe shfrytëzohet nga kompjuterët personal. I prodhuar nga kompania Microsft në vitin 1982.

Domain - grup i kompjuterëve emrat e të cilëve e ndajnë të njëjtën prapashtesë. Shembull: com (firmë komerciale), org (organizatë pa përfitim), gov (qeveri), edu (institucion arsimor), net (provajder i Internetit). Njësoj ekzistojnë edhe prapashtesa të cilat i identifikojnë shtetet p.sh. mk prapashtesë për Maqedoninë.

Dpi (dots per inch) - pika në inç. Njësi për matjen e rezolutës së shtypjes në shtypës. Rezoluta te shtypësit amë sillet rreth 300 dpi, ndërsa te shtypësit lezër arrin deri në 1200 dpi.

Double click - klikim; shtypje e dyfishtë. Klikim i shpejtë dhe lëshim i tastit të minakut dy here pa lëvizjen e minakut ndërmjet dy klikimeve.

Double precision - precizitet i dyfishtë. Teknikë me të cilën paraqiten numrat me gjatësi të dyfishuar.

Download - kopjim i ndonjë programi ose skedari prej ndonjë kompjuteri kryesor në kompjuterin personal.

Draft quality - kualitet i shtypit, i cili është i lexueshëm, por nuk duket aq mirë për përdorim që ai dokument të botohet në ndonjë revistë ose libër. Zakonisht shfrytëzohet për nxjerrjen e kopjeve që të shkojë në korrekturë.

Drag-and-drop - tërheqje dhe lëshim i tastit të minakut.

Drop-down meni - Lista e urdhërave të menysë së aktivizuar, të radhitura njëra pas tjetrës.

DLL (Dynamic Link Library) - grup e funksioneve të cilat shfrytëzohen gjatë programimit në Windows.

E

EPROM (E lectrically P rogrammable R ead O nly M emory) - çip memorizues përmbajtja e të cilit nuk mund të ndryshohet.

E-mail (electronic mail) - postë elektronike. Njëri nga shërbimet më të njohura të Internetit me të cilin porositë dërgohen prej një kompjuteri në kompjuter tjetër.

Embedded object - objekt i ndërvënë.

EMM386.EXE - program i cili mundëson vendosjen e drajverave dhe programeve në hapësirën e lartë të memories.

Emulator - emulator. Program cili i mundëson kompjuterit të zbatojë programe të shkruara për kompjuter tjetër.

Encryption - shifrim. Kodim i porosisë me çka nuk mundësohet hyrje e palejuar deri te ajo.

EOF (end of file) - fund i skedarit. Shenjë për fundin e skedarit, e cila shfrytëzohet si indikator se këtu kryhen të dhënat.

Ethernet - rrjet lokal kompjuterik i konstruktuar prej llojit të kabllove me mundësi të bartjes deri më 10 Mbit/sec.

Event - rast; paraqitje. Moment kur paraqitet ndryshimi specifik i ndonjë gjendjeje.

Exchange - këmbim i informatave ndërmjet dy lokacioneve.

Exchengeable disk - disk transmetues. Tip i diskut i cili montohet në shtëpizë të posaçme dhe është i transmetueshëm.

Executable file - program zbatues. Skedar i cili mund të aplikohet në kompjuter.

Expression - shprehje matematikore ose logjike e shkruar në gjuhën programore

EBCDIC (Extended Binary Decimal Interchange Code) - kod i cili i përdorë tetë shifra binare të krijuara nga IBM, ndërsa i paraqet shenjat (shkronjat, numrat etj.) nga kompjuteri i cili i proceson.

External modem - modem i jashtëm. Modem në kuti të veçantë, kabllo dhe mbushës i cili më së shpeshti aktivizohet në portën seriale të kompjuterit.

Extranet - intranet i cili u është lënë në disponim klientëve dhe blerësve të jashtëm me qëllim që t'i shohin të dhënat. Më shpesh ata janë të siguruara me shifra që të ruhet siguria e blerësve.

F

Fan ventilator - ventilator i cili mundëson cirkulimin e ajrit nëpërmjet pjesëve kompjuterike dhe e pamundëson nxehjen e tyre.

Fatal error - gabim në programin kompjuterik i cili e ndalon funksionimin e tij.

Fault tolerance - tolerim i gabimeve. Aftësi e ndonjë sisitemi që ta vazhdojë funksionimin normal edhe pse ekziston problem në harduer ose softuer.

Fax modem - faks modem. Modem i aftësuar të pranojë dhe të dërgojë fakse. Në këtë rast fakset janë elektronike.

Fiber optics - fije optike. Mundëson shpejtësi të madhe të bartjes së të dhënave në rrjetat kompjuterike.

File - skedar; fajll; datotekë. Pa marrë parasysh çfarë informate, të grumbulluar dhe të inçizuar nën një emër. Skedari mund të përmban tekst, grafikon, program etj.

FAT (File Allocation Table) - tabelë e cila shërben për renditjen e skedarëve e cila gjendet në fillim të diskut dhe përmban informata për ata pjesë të diskut të cilat shfrytëzohen, pjesë të diskut të cilat nuk shfrytëzohen dhe ato të cilat nuk mund të shfrytëzohen për shkak të dëmtimit të blloqeve në disk.

File control system - program i cili udhëheq me bartjen e të dhënave nga ciladoqoftë pajisje deri në ndonjë pajisje tjetër.

File locking - përmbyllje e skedarit. Ndalesë që më tepër se një shfrytëzues ta ndërrojë përmbajtjen e skedarit.

File protection - mbrojtje e skedarit. Komandë e kompjuterit e cila e ndalon shkruarjen dhe fshirjen e të dhënave në skedar, por e lejon leximin e tyre.

Firewall - sistem rrjetor për sigurim i cili ndihmon në ndërprerjen e hyrjes së paautorizuar në sistemin kompjuterik; thjesht ky është kompjuter i lidhur në Internet dhe me të cilin zhvillohet i gjith komunikimi në Internet.

Floppy disk - disk i butë, disketë

Footer - tekst i cili paraqitet në pjesën e poshtme në secilën faqe.

FF (Form Feed) - urdhër i cili shfrytëzohet i që ta lëviz letrën në printer në faqe të re. Zakonisht në tabelën kontrolluese të printerit gjendet një tast i cili mundëson kryerjen e funksionit përkatës.

FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) - gjuhë programore e krijuar në kompaninë IBM e cila shfrytëzohej për programimin e aplikacioneve tekniko shkencore.

Freeware - programe pa pagesë, por të mbrojtura me ligj për autorizim

FAQ (Frequently Asked Question) - pyetje ose lista me pyetje dhe përgjigje të cilat janë shumë të shpeshta dhe shumë shfrytëzues ballafaqohen me këto të dhëna. Këto lista janë shumë frytdhënëse për shkak të këmbimit të informatave.

G

GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out) - princip në të cilën po qe se hyjnë të dhëna jokor-rekte dhe jovalide në kompjuter, ai do të japë rezultate jokorrekte dhe të pakuptimta.

GUI (graphical user interface) - interfejs grafik i shfrytëzuar për sisteme operative. Komunikimi ndërmjet shfrytëzuesit dhe programit zhviliohet me anë të shfrytëzimit të ikonave, dritareve dhe të ngjashme. Një shembull për një iterfejs të tillë që e shfrytëzojmë është Windows-i.

Guru - Njeri me kapacitet të lartë i cili dëshiron t'u ndihmojë të tjerëve në zgjedhjen e problemeve të tyre.

H

Hacker - haker. Person për të cilin kompjuteri është hobi. Sot shumë njerëz termin haker e identifikojnë me person i cili në mënyrë të paligjshme hy në kompjuter të huaj.

Halt - ndalesë. Ndalje e realizimit të operacioneve të renditura në programet kompjuterike.

Hand-held computer - kompjuter i vogël që mund të mbahet edhe në dorë.

Hang - rri varur. Mosfunksionim i kompjuterit. Kur kompjuteri rinë varur, i ekrani duket normal, por çfarëdo pune tjetër është e pamundur të futet në funksion.

Hard copy - rezultatet e shtypura në letër.

Hardware - hardueri, gjërat fizike apo të prekshme të kompjuterit.

Help - ndihmë. Funksion i cili është i pranishëm në shumë programe, i cili shërben si ndihmë e shfrytëzuesit për përdorimin e programit.

Hertz (Hz) - herc. Cikël në sekondë me të cilin matet shpejtësia e procesorit në kompjuter.

HEX (Hexadecimal) - Sisitem numëror në matematik, në të cilin si bazë e numërimit është numri 16. Për shfaqjen e numrave përdoren shifrat 0-9 dhe shkronjat A-F. Është shumë i qëlluar për përdorimin e kalkulimeve kompjuterike.

Hidden file - skedar i fshehur. Skedar i cili përmban atribute të cilat nuk lejojnë që emri i skedarit të kopjohet, të fshihet ose të shfletohet.

High tech - teknologji e lartë

Host computer - kompjuter kryesor me të cilin lidhen kompjuterët tjerë.

Hot key - tast ose kombinim i tasteve i cili zbaton instruksion të përcaktuar pa marrë parasysh se çka punon procesori në momentin e dhënë.

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) - format hipertekstual për punë me dokumente. Shërben për krijimin e dokumenteve WEB në internet.

Hub - hab. Paisje në të cilën kyçen kompjuterët të cilët janë të lidhur në rrjet.

Hyphenation - ndarje e fjalëve

I

Illegal - jolegal. Parametra hyrëse të cilët janë të papranuara, për shkak se nuk i përmbushin specifikacionet e vendosura në programe.

Image processing - përpunim i grafikonëve

Imaging - proces i shkrimit të grafikës në ndonjë medium, për shembull në shirit.

Implementation - implementim. Instalim i sitemit kompjuterik.

Infrared - teknologji e cila shfrytëzon ndriçimin për lidhjen të kompjuterëve pa kabëll.

Initialization - inicializim. Operacion për formatim të diskut ose disketës, si dhe përgatitje për shkruarjen dhe përdorimin e të dhënave.

Ink-jet printer - shtypës pështyes që hedh ngjyrën në letër.

Input data - të dhënat hyrëse.

Insert mod - rregull për futjen e të dhënave.

Install - instalim, futja fillestare e ndonjë programi në kompjuter.

Instruction - instruksion. Urdhër i destinuar për mikroprocesorin.

Integer - numër i plotë pa presje decimale

L

Line printer - shtypës i cili shtyp përnjëherë një rresht tekst.

Link- lidhje; lidhshmëri.

Load - mbushje, futje e programit në memorje.

LAN (Local Area Network) - rrjet lokal në kuadër të një hapësire ose ndërtese. Lidhje e dy ose më tepër kompjuterëve me kabllo me qëllim të këmbimit të informatave.

Local printer - shtypës i cili është i lidhur drejtpërdrejt me një stacion punues, i cili nuk është në disponim të shfrytëzuesve tjerë të rrjetit.

Login - Paraqitje në kompjuter. Në këtë rast kompjuteri kërkon nga shfrytëzuesi që të identifikohet me emrin dhe shifrën.

Logoff- çlajmërim. Largim nga puna me kompjuter.

Loop - cikël. Renditje të instruksioneve kompjuterike të cilat praktikohen me anë të përsëritjeve, gjersa nuk përmbushet ndonjë kusht.

M

Machine code - kod makine. Përmbledhje e instruksioneve kompjuterike në ndonjë kompjuter të posaçëm i cili niund ta kryejë urdhërin.

Macro - makro. Serial i urdhërave të cilat kryhen me shtypjen e një tasti ose me ndonjë urdhër. Në të shumtën e rasteve i shkruan vetë shfrytëzuesi për ta lehtësuar punën gjatë përsëritjeve të një morie urdhërash.

Mailbox - sandëku postar.

Main program - pjesë kryesore e programit e cila i kontrollon nënprogramet.

Mass storage - pajisje në të cilën mund të vendoset një numër i madh i të dhënave.

Medium - medium. Bartës i të dhënave, shpesh mendohet në disketë, CD-ROM dhe të ngjashme.

MMU (Memory Management Unit) - pajisje e cila udhëheq kujtesën.

Merge - bashkim, kombinim i dy ose më tepër skedarëve.

Message - porosi nga kompjuteri e cila informon për diçka.

MIDI file - skedarë me përshkrime muzikore.

MIPS (Million Instruction Per Second) -milion instuksione në sekondë. Njësi matëse për shpejtësinë me të cilën procesori i kryen instruksionet. Për shembull, procesori Pentium i cili punon në 100 MHz kryen 100 milionë instruksione në sekondë, pra 100 MIPS-a.

Millisecond (ms) - milisekondë. Kohë e barabartë me pjesën e njëmijtë të sekondës. Shfrytëzohet për shprehjen e shpejtësisë te hard disqet.

Mode - regjim i punës; mënyrë e punës. Njëra nga gjendjet alternative të punës së kompjuterit.

MODEM (MOdulator/DEModulator) - modem. Regullator i cili të dhënat e dërguara i shndërron në sinjal telefonik, të qëlluara për lidhje të drejtpërdrejtë telefonike.

Motherboard - pllaka amë e kompjuterit në të cilën janë të lidhura të gjitha elementet e harduerit.

Multimedia - kombinim i tekstit me fotografi dhe zë, videoanimacion.

MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) - standard për bashkangjitjen e skedarëve në porositë elektronike.

Multitasking - aftësi e sistemit operativ që njëkohësisht të ushtrojë më shumë programe.

N

Network - rrjet i kompjuterit.

NetWare - sistem operativ rrjetor i shpikur nga kompania Novell.

Network adapter - adapter i rrjetit. Kartelë e cila instalohet në kompjuter përmes të cilës ai lidhet në rrjet.

Network administrator - njeriu i cili e mbikëqyrë punën e rrjetit kompjuterik dhe që udhëheqë me të.

Network protocol - protokoll rrjetor. Bashkësi e standardeve kompjuterike në një rrjet.

Node - nyje, pika ngjitëse në rrjein kompjuterik

Non-interlaced - sa i përket disa monitorëve te të cilët topi elektronik pas një kohe e kalon ekranin pa mos lëshuar asnjë vijë.

Notebook computer - kompjuter i vogël me format sa një faqe e letrës.

Numeric keypad - tastierë numerike.

O

OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) -mënyrë e këmbimit të informatave ndërmjet dy skedarëve me aplikim të njëjtë ose të ndryshëm në Windows.

Off-line - i çkyçur

On-line - i kyçur

ODBC (Open Data Base Connectivity) - standard i cili mundëson hyrje në sisteme të ndryshme të bazave të të dhënave.

Operating System - sistem operativ. Softuer i cili është lidhje ndërmjet shfrytëzuesit dhe kompjuterit.

Optical cable - kabëll optik për lidhje rrjetore të kompjuterëve me të cilin arihet shpejtësi e madhe në përcjelljen e të dhënave.

OCR (Optical Character Recognition) - njohje e simboleve optike. Program i cili identifikon shenjat e shkruara dhe ato të shtypura dhe pastaj krijon skedar tekstual.

OEM (Original Equipment Manifacturer) - prodhues i komponenteve të ndryshëm, të cilët pastaj lidhen me klientin, e emri i tij figuron në kompjuter.

Overflow - tejkalim. Gjendje e cila paraqitet si rezultat i operacionit aritmetik; e tejkalon kapacitetin e kujtesës për ruajtjen e rezultatit.

Overload - ngarkim i tepërt. Ngarkim më i j madh sesa pajisja; mund ta mban atë për të cilën është konstruktuar.

Overstrike - nënvizim.

Overtype - shkrim përmbi tekst.

Overwrite - mbulim i informatës e cila më parë ka qenë në atë vend.

P

Page break - ndërprerje e faqes. Vend ku mbaron një faqe dhe fillon faqja tjetër.

Page layout - pamje e faqes

Ppm (pages per minute) - faqe në minute. Njësi matëse e shpejtësisë së shtypësit gjatë shtypjes.

Pagination - operacion automatik te programet për përpunimin e tekstit, i cili shërben për renditjen e tekstit nëpër faqe me numerimin e tyre.

Palmtop computer - kompjuter i vogël i cili mund të mbahet në një dorë.

PASCAL - Paskali. Gjuhë kompjuterike.

Password - Fjalë e fshehur e cila përdoret për hyrje në sistemin kompjuterik.

Patch - arnim. Ndryshim i kodit programor, i cili zakonisht bëhet pas mbarimit të softuerit me qëllim që të përmirësohen disa gabime.

Path name - emri i datotekës së bashku me rrugën me të cilën arihet deti tek ajo.

Pause - pauzë. Tast ose urdhër i cili përkohësisht e ndërpren punën e ndonjë programi.

Peer-to-peer - rrjet lokal ku çdo kompjuter i kyçur është i barabartë. Në rrjet nuk ekziston server.

Peripheral device - pajisje e harduerit e cila kyçet në kompjuter.

Permanent SWAP file - skedar i përhershëm në Windows me të cilin shtresohen të dhënat dhe instruksionet programore kur nuk mund të vendosen në kujtesën RAM.

PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) - komitet i cili krijoj standarde për memorje me kapacitet më të madh e aplikuar te kompjuterët laptop.

PIXEL (Picture Element) - Element më i vogël i monitorit kompjuterik i cili mundë të kontroliohet. Sa më i madh të jetë numri i pikselave, aq më e mirë është rezoluta.

Pirate - person i cili merret me formën ilegale të kopjimit të softuerave.

Plasma display - teknologji e përdorur për konstruimin e ekranit te kompjuterët laptop.

Plotter - vizatues. Pajisje e cila shërben për vizatimin e rezultateve të përfituara nga kompjuteri.

Plug and play - kyçe dhe puno. Pajisje të cilat kompjuteri automatikisht i detekton dhe i instalon drajverat e nevojshëm në të.

Pointer - tregues. Fotografi e vogël në ekran, zakonisht në formë të shigjetës; lëvizjet e saja kontrollohen nëpërmjet minakut.

Port - portë; lidhje; hyrje.

Portability - përcjellshmëri. Cilësi e programave kompjuterike që të mund të adaptohen në lloj-lloj tipash të kompjuterëve.

Power supply - furnizues i rrymes te kompjuteri.

Print queue - pritje, rend për shtyp.

Print server - zakonisht njëri prej kompjuterëve në rrjet i cili dirigjon me të gjitha kërkesat për shtyp dhe me të gjithë shtypësit që janë të lidhura në rrjet.

Printer driver - softuer i cili i mundëson kompjuterit që të punojë me shtypësin.

Procedure - rradhitje e instruksioneve kompjuterike të cilat bashkarisht veprojnë për një nevojë dhe detyrë të caktuar.

Processing - përpunim i të dhënave.

Programming language - gjuhë programore me të cilën programeri e shkruan programin kompjuterik.

Prompt - shenjë për thirrje; shërben për shkruarjen e urdhërave.

Purge - shlyerje pas së cilës të dhënat e shlyera nuk mund të kthehen më.

Q

Query - pyetje. Instruksion kompjuterik i cili i parashtron pyejte bazës së të dhënave.

Quit - ndalje. Urdhër me të cilën para kohe ndalet ekzekutimi i programit.

QWERTY - tastier në të cilën rreshti më i lartë i saj fillon me shkronjat Q, W, E, R, T, Y. Ekzistojnë edhe lloje tjera të tastierëve si per shembull QWERTZ.

R

Radio button - radio sustë. Mund të zgjedhim vetëm një sustë të këtij lloji në program.

RAM (Random Access Memory) - kujtesa kryesore kompjuterike në të cilën janë të vendosura të dhënat të cilat përpunohen.

Read-only - vetëm lexim. Të dhënat mund të lexohen, por jo edhe të ndryshohen.

ROM (Read Only Memory) - kujtesa e pashlyeshme nga e cila mund të lexohen të dhënat.

RTC (Real Time Clock) - Çip kompjuterik i cili ka funksion të orës që ta informojë kompjuterin për kohën e saktë, datën dhe vitin.

Reboot - përsëri startim të kompjuterit, zakonisht për shkak të rënies së sistemit.

Record - grup i të dhënave të cilat i takojnë një grupacioni. Për shembull, emri i ndonjërit, mbiemri, adresa dhe numri i telefonit.

Recover - kthim në gjendjen normale të punës pas paraqitjes së gabimit në sistem.

RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Drives) - kombinim i më shumë disqeve me qëllim që të rritet siguria e të dhënave nga ndonjë humbje e paparashikuar.

Refresh rate - shpejtësi për freski. Numër maksimal i fotografive që mund të shfaqen në ndonjë monitor për një sekondë. Paraqitet me herc.

RDBMS (Relational Data Base Management System) - sistem për udhëheqjen e bazave të të dhënave.

Remote computer - kompjuter i larguar.

Remote control program - program me komandim prej së largu.

Repeat delay - koha e nevojshme që të shtypet një tast e që të paraqitet karakteri i cli përgatitet që të dale në ekran.

Reset button - sustë për resetim. Sustë në pjesën e përparme të shtëpizës së kompjuterit e cila shërben për vënien e sistemit në gjendjen fillestare të saj.

Resolution - qartësi e përshkruarjes në ekran apo në shtypës.

Response time - kohë për përgjigje nga ana e kompjuterit për ndonjë kërkesë përkatëse.

Restart - startim i përsëritur i kompjuterit.

Retreive - gjetje dhe ndarje në veçanti e ndonjë informate të përcaktuar.

Retry - orvatje e sërishme për të kryer ndonjë instruksion të programit.

Ring network - rrjet unazor.

RJ-45 - konektor i cili i ngjan lidhjes telefonike, por ka 8 tela në vend që të ketë 4.

Root directory - direktoriumi kryesor i një disku.

Router - udhërëfyes. Pajisje rrjetore e cila i dërgon të dhënat në rrjet duke e zgjedhur rrugën më të mirë.

S

Safe mode - gjendje në të cilën startohet Windows-i kur paraqitet ndonjë konflikt në harduer.

Save - shkrim i të dhënave në disk, ku nuk mund të humben pas mbylljes së kompjuterit.

Scanner - skener. Mjet i cili në mënyrë optike lexon ndonjë dokument dhe e shndërron në skedar grafiko-digjital.

Screen - ekran.

Scroll - lëvizje e tekstit lart-poshtë.

Search engine - program për kërkimin e të dhënave. Makina më të njohura për kërkim në internet janë: Yahoo, Altavista, Google etj.

Server - kompjuter në rrjet i cili disa nga resurset e veta i vë në disponim të ndonjë kompjuteri tjetër.

Session - koha në të cilën një shfrytëzues e kalon në rrjet.

Set up - një sistem të vihet në gjendje pune.

Shared file - skedar i përbashkët.

Shut down - kryerje e punës së një sistemi operativ të kompjuterit ose çkyçje e kompjuterit.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - protokoll i cili shfrytëzohet për udhëheqjen e këmbimit të postës elektronike ndërmjet dy kompjuterëve.

Slave - i nënshtruar. Kompjuter i cili është i kontrolluar nga një kompjuter tjetër.

Software - të gjitha programet të cilat mund të shfrytëzohen në një kompjuter.

Software development tool - vegla për zhvillimin e programeve.

Sort - renditje e të dhënave me radhitje të re.

Sound card - kartë për zërim.

Storage - kujtesë.

String - varg i shenjave.

SQL (Structured Query Language) - pako e programeve për udhëheqjen e bazave të të dhënave.

Switch - ndërprerës.

System software - softuer sistemor (p.sh. MS-DOS, Windows etj).

English-Albanian dictionary > Fjalor i shkurtër terminoiogjik i informatikës
10 test

испытание; тест, проверка; экзамен; проверять; испытывать; испытательный; пробный; контрольный, проверочный; см. тж. testing

general educational (development) test — экзамен по общеобразовательной подготовке

nuclear (weapon) test (in the atmosphere, space, underground, underwater) — испытание ЯО (в атмосфере, космосе, под землей, под водой)

— above-ground nuclear test

— acceptance test

— adaptability test

— advanced development test

— advanced physical fitness test

— aircraft compatibility test

— airdropped nuclear test

— annual combat unit test

— applicant qualification test

— application-oriented enlisted evaluation test

— applied strength test

— aptitude area general technical test

— aptitude selection test

— Armed Forces qualification test

— Army Entrance test

— Army Placement test

— arsenic test

— atmospheric nuclear test

— chemical agent test

— climatic tests

— combat capability test

— combat readiness test

— combat water survival test

— compatibility test

— confidence test

— decoupled clandestine test

— demonstration tests

— design evaluation tests

— design-development tests

— development acceptance test

— developmental tests

— dress rehearsal test

— educational requirements test

— efficiency test

— end-of-cycle proficiency test

— endurance firing test

— endurance test

— engineering development tests

— engineering test

— enlistment screening tests

— enlistment selection tests

— environmental test

— equipment swim test

— evaluation test

— exchangeability test

— exhaustive tests

— expert infantryman's badge test

— facility physical fitness test

— field problems test

— field test

— firing test

— follow-on operational test

— forward operating location test

— fuel quality supervising test

— gas chamber test

— general classification test

— general military subjects test

— general survey test

— gunner's qualification test

— hands-on skill test

— high mobility and agility test

— high-yield test

— implications test

— initial operational tests

— initial production test

— integration test

— intelligence test

— job knowledge test

— life tests

— live test

— logistic free implications test

— logistic implication test

— maneuver test

— mechanical aptitude test

— military nuclear test

— military potential test

— military qualification test

— mine-resistance test

— minimum physical fitness test

— MOS evaluation test

— motivation assessment test

— multiple-choice MOS test

— mustard test

— net service test

— nonfiring operational readiness test

— operability test

— operational readiness test

— operational service test

— operational suitability test

— opposing forces test

— organizational readiness training test

— partial yield test of a higher yield design

— performance evaluation test

— performance skill test

— performance test

— personality test

— personnel research test

— physical combat proficiency evaluation test

— physical endurance test

— political maturity test

— preproduction test

— prerequisite engineering test

— production monitoring test

— production test

— proficiency test

— proof tests

— qualification test

— Ranger/Special Forces Physical Fitness test

— reenlistment qualification test

— reliability test

— rescratch test

— roundout test

— screening test

— seagoing test

— seating position test

— selection criterion test

— service test

— shake-down test

— simulated mission endurance test

— sit tests

— skill-qualification test

— special qualification training test

— special weapons test

— speciality knowledge test

— survivability test

— tactical aptitude test

— tactical evaluation test

— test to failure

— trade test

— training test

— troop test

— underground nuclear test

— user tests

— verification development test

— wartime contingency test

— weapon system acceptance test

— women's enlistment screening test

English-Russian military dictionary > test
11 βιάζω

βιάζω (Hom.+) nearly always as a mid. dep. βιάζομαι; aor. mid. ἐβιασάμην, pass. 2 sg. ἐβιάσθης Sir 31:21. Apart fr. Dg. 7:4; 10:15 most of this entry concerns probabilities relating to β. in Mt 11:12 and par. Lk 16:16. The principal semantic problem is whether β. is used negatively (‘in malam partem’) or positively (‘in bonam partem’), a problem compounded by the question of the function of these vss. in their literary context. In Gk. lit. β. is most often used in the unfavorable sense of attack or forcible constraint (s. L-S-J-M).

① to inflict violence on, dominate, constrain w. acc. (Herodas 2, 71; Menand., Dyscolus 253 [opp. πείθειν use of persuasion]; 371; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 35 §139; PAmh 35, 17 [213 B.C.] βιασάμενος αὐτούς; PGiss 19, 13; LGötzeler, Quaestiones in Appiani et Polybii dicendi genus 1890, 63; Esth 7:8 [rape]; En 103:14; 104:3) mistreat the poor people β. τοὺς ὑποδεεστέρους Dg 10:5.—With β. taken as pass., Mt 11:12 ἡ βασιλεία τ. οὐρανῶν βιάζεται is frequently understood in the unfavorable sense the reign/kingdom of heaven is violently treated, is oppressed (so the pass. e.g. Thu. 1, 77, 4; POxy 294, 16 [22 A.D.]; Sir 31:21. On the topic of violence to the divine, cp. Paus. 2, 1, 5 τὰ θεῖα βιάσασθαι=(it is difficult for a mere human) to coerce things in the realm of the divine.—GSchrenk, TW I 608ff; NRSV ‘has suffered violence’; its mng., w. β. understood as mid.: ‘has been coming violently’, s. 2 end); var. ways by which the violence is suffered have been suggested—(a) through hindrances raised against it (βιάζομαι=be hindered, be obstructed: cp. the use of the mid. in this sense: Synes., Provid. 1, 1, 89c of the evil man’s power, which strives εἴ πῃ τὸν θεῖον νόμον βιάσαιτο=[to see] whether it could perhaps ‘hinder’ the divine law; Jos., Ant. 1, 261). For the pass. in this sense, s. the versions: It., Vulg., Syr. Sin. and Cur. S. also Dalman, Worte 113–16; MDibelius, Joh. d. T. 1911, 26ff: hostile spirits.—(b) through the efforts of unauthorized pers. to compel its coming (s. HScholander, ZNW 13, 1912, 172–75)—(c) through attempts to occupy (an area) by force (a territory, Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 24 §91).

② to gain an objective by force, use force, intr. (X., Mem. 3, 9, 10; Diod S 4, 12, 5 οἱ βιαζόμενοι=the ones who use force, the intruders; Plut., Mor. 203c; Epict. 4, 8, 40; Lucian, Necyom. 20, Hermot. 22; SIG 1042, 8 [Dssm., NB 85f (BS 258)]; 888, 24; 1243, 4f; PTebt 6, 31; PFlor 382, 54; Dt 22:25, 28; Philo, Mos. 1, 215; Jos., Bell. 3, 493; 518) of compulsion οὐ βιαζόμενος without using force (opp. πείθειν) Dg 7:4.—Of forcing one’s way (Demosth. 55, 17; Appian, Hann. 24 §106) w. εἴς τι enter forcibly into someth. (Thu. 1, 63, 1; 7, 69, 4; Polyb. 1, 74, 5; Plut., Otho 1072 [12, 10]; Philo, Mos. 1, 108 of a gnat forcing its way into bodily orifices εἰς τἀντὸς βιάζεται; Jos., Bell. 3, 423) ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ εὐαγγελίζεται καὶ πᾶς εἰς αὐτὴν βιάζεται the reign of God is being proclaimed and everyone takes (or tries to take [cp. Polemo Soph. B 11 Reader, s. p. 266f]) it by force Lk 16:16 (hyperbolic usage; on the question whether this is a perspective attributed to Jesus or to his opposition concerning moral miscalculation, s. FDanker, JBL 77, ’58, 234–36).— Makes its way w. triumphant force is preferred for Mt 11:12 by FBaur; TZahn; AHarnack, SBBerlAk 1907, 947–57; WBrandt, ZNW 11, 1910, 247f; ROtto, Reich Gottes u. Menschensohn ’34, 84–88; cp. NRSV mg. ‘has been coming violently’.—EGraesser, D. Problem der Parusieverzögerung, ZNW Beih. 22, ’57, 180ff; OBetz, Jesu heiliger Krieg, NovT 2, ’57, 116–37.

③ go after someth. w. enthusiasm, seek fervently, try hard, the sense is sought w. burning zeal is preferred by HHoltzmann; FDibelius, StKr 86, 1913, 285–88; et al. for Mt 11:12. A variation of this interpretation is the sense try hard, but the support sought in Epict. 4, 7, 20f is questionable, for this latter pass. rather refers to attempts at forced entry when one is not welcome.

④ constrain (warmly) if βιάζεται Lk 16:16 is to be understood as a passive, as POxy 294, 16 (22 A.D.), or in the same sense as the mid. in Gen 33:11; Judg 13:15, the sense would be invite urgently of the ‘genteel constraint imposed on a reluctant guest’ (so vHoffmann et al.; s. FDibelius [s. 3 above]; cp. the sense of Lk 14:23 ἀνάγκασον εἰσελθεῖν ‘compel them to come in’).—On usage at Qumran s. BThiering, NovT 21, ’79, 293–97.—DELG s.v. βία. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > βιάζω
12 Wozniak, Stephen G.

SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology

[br]

b. 1950 Sunnyvale, California, USA

[br]

American computer engineer who with Steven Jobs built the first home computer.

[br]

Bored by school at Sunnyvale, the young Wozniak became interested in computers and at the age of only 13 years he constructed a transistorized calculator that won a prize at the Bay Area Science Fair. After high school, he went to the University of Colorado, but he left the following year to study at the De Anza College in Cupertino, California, finally dropping out of formal education altogether and working as a programmer for a small computer company. In 1971 he made another attempt at studying for a degree in engineering, this time at the University of California at Berkeley, but he again dropped out and went to work for Hewlett-Packard, where he met 16-year-old Steve Jobs. Joining the Homebrew Computer Club, and with Jobs's help, he built a home computer based on the MOS Technology 8-bit, 6502 microprocessor chip. With 4 K of random access memory (RAM) and the first BASIC interpreter written by Wozniak himself, he demonstrated the computer to Hewlett-Packard management, but they showed little interest in taking it up. With Jobs he therefore founded Apple Company, and with assembly in Jobs's home they found an interested buyer in the shape of Paul Terrill, owner of the newly established Byte Shop chain store, who ordered 100 boards at US$500 each. As a result, with the support of a backer, Mike Markkula, Wozniak in 1976 designed a second computer, the Apple II, which had 16 K of RAM and was offered for sale (without a monitor) at $1195. This was an immediate success and sales rose from $775,000 in 1977 to $335 million in 1981 and $983 million in 1983. In the meantime, however, Wozniak was seriously injured in a plane crash in 1980. He recovered slowly from his injuries and in 1982 returned to college to complete his degree course, after which he spent much of his time with his family. Eventually he became increasingly unhappy with the chaotic management at Apple, and he left the company in 1985, subsequently forming his own computer company, Cloud 9.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

First National Technology Medal (with Jobs) 1985.

Further Reading

M.Moritz, 1984, The Little Kingdom. The Private Story of Apple Computers.

J.S.Young, 1988, Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward: Scott Foreman \& Co.

KF

Biographical history of technology > Wozniak, Stephen G.
13 chip

1) кристалл

2) микрокадр ( на микрофише)

3) pl "конфетти" (кусочки материала перфоленты или перфокарты, выбиваемые при перфорации отверстий)

4) элементарный сигнал, элементарная посылка

5) микросхема

•

- cell chip
- audio chip
- bare chip
- bit-slice chip
- bound-out chip
- bubble chip
- clone chip
- code chip
- custom-designed chip
- custom chip
- flip chip
- gate-array chip
- glue chip
- half-working chip
- I/O chip
- integrated chip
- large scale integration chip
- large-area chip
- LSI chip
- master chip
- megabit chip
- memory chip
- metal-oxide-semiconductor chip
- microprocessor chip
- monolithic chip
- MOS chip
- multiproject chip
- N-bit chip
- neural network chip
- neural network computer chip
- N-gate-equivalent chip
- off-the-shelf chip
- partially good chip
- peripheral chip
- pipeline chip
- quarter-working chip
- random logic chip

English-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > chip
14 clearance

очистка; расчистка; прохождение (напр. исходного пункта, препятствия) ; устранение препятствий [заграждений]; разрешение; виза; наименьший прицел; вывоз (напр. грузов) ; гарантийное удостоверение ( на право занятия должности) ; клиренс; дорожный просвет; промежуток; зазор

controlled variable (ground) clearance — переменный [регулируемый] дорожный: просвет (машины)

— air defense flight clearance

— air space coordination clearance

— aircraft clearance

— airport clearance

— amended clearance

— angular clearance

— area clearance

— battlefield clearance

— beach clearance

— bed clearance

— blanket overflight clearance

— blast clearance

— border clearance

— branch clearance

— bulk clearance

— clearance for confidential work

— clearance for top secret work

— clearance of hazards

— clearance of misfire

— clearance of overhead crossovers of a bridge

— clearance to expend ordnance

— confidential clearance

— crest clearance

— cryptographic clearance

— cryptologic clearance

— debris clearance

— deliberate mine clearance

— extractor clearance

— facility security clearance

— flight clearance

— forward side slope ground clearance

— ground clearance

— harbor clearance

— hasty mine clearance

— height clearance

— mask clearance

— mine clearance

— minefield clearance

— minimum clearance

— MOS required security clearance

— negative clearance

— overhead clearance

— personal security clearance

— port clearance

— positive vetting clearance

— property and fund responsibility clearance

— road clearance

— rotor blade ground clearance

— route and debris clearance

— route clearance

— safe clearance

— safety clearance

— secret qualification clearance

— security clearance

— space coordination clearance

— troop clearance

English-Russian military dictionary > clearance
15 score

количество попаданий ( при стрельбе) ; отметка, оценка, балл

aptitude (area) test score — показатель (умственных) способностей

— advanced physical fitness test score

— clerical score

— commanding officer's score

— Defense language aptitude score

— efficiency report score

— enlisted evaluation score

— evaluation score

— inspection score

— marksmanship score

— maximal promotion cutoff score

— MOS evaluation score

— nonqualifying score

— proficiency score

— promotion point cutoff score

English-Russian military dictionary > score
16 firmus

firmus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. dhar-, dharā-mi, hold, support; Gr. thra-, thrê-sasthai, to sit down, thrênus, thronos; cf.: frētus, frēnum], firm (in opp. to frail, destructible), steadfast, stable, strong, powerful (freq. and class.; esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: constans, stabilis, solidus).
I.
Lit.:
nos fragili vastum ligno sulcavimus aequor: Quae tulit Aesoniden, firma carina fuit,
Ov. P. 1, 4, 35:
robora,
Verg. A. 2, 481:
arbor,
Ov. A. A. 2, 652:
vincula,
id. F. 1, 370:
janua,
i. e. shut fast, id. Am. 2, 12, 3; cf.
sera,
id. P. 1, 2, 24:
solum,
Curt. 5, 1:
firmioris testae murices,
Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102: sunt et Amineae vites, firmissima vina. Verg. G. 2, 97:
firmo cibo pasta pecus,
strengthening, Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 2:
firmius est triticum quam milium: id ipsum quam hordeum: ex tritico firmissima siligo,
Cels. 2, 18:
effice ut valeas, et ut ad nos firmus ac valens quam primum venias,
Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1 and 2; cf.:
mihi placebat, si firmior esses, etc.,
id. ib. 16, 5, 1:
nondum satis firmo corpore,
id. ib. 11, 27, 1:
hinc remiges firmissimi, illinc inopia affectissimi,
Vell. 2, 84, 2.—With dat.:
area firma templis sustinendis,
Liv. 2, 5, 4:
testa in structura oneri ferendo firma,
Vitr. 2, 8, 19:
adversis,
Tac. Agr. 35 fin.
II.
Trop., firm in strength or durability, also in opinion, affection, etc., fast, constant, steadfast, immovable, powerful, strong, true, faithful:
quae enim domus tam stabilis, quae tam firma civitas est, quae non odiis et discidiis funditus possit everti?
Cic. Lael. 7, 23:
res publica firma atque robusta,
id. Rep. 2, 1 fin.; cf.:
civitas imprimis firma,
Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 2:
Trinobantes prope firmissima earum regionum civitas,
id. ib. 5, 20, 1; cf.
also: Mutina firmissima et splendidissima colonia,
Cic. Phil. 5, 9, 24:
tres potentissimi ac firmissimi populi,
id. ib. 1, 3 fin.; and:
evocatorum firma manus,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 3: Antonius ab equitatu firmus esse dicebatur, strong in cavalry, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 2.— With ad and acc.: satis firmus ad castra facienda, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 1:
Chrysippi consolatio ad veritatem firmissima est,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 33, 79:
exercitus satis firmus ad tantum bellum,
Liv. 23, 25, 6; cf.:
cohortes minime firmae ad dimicandum,
Caes. B. G. 7, 60, 2; Sall. H. 4, 62, 16.— With contra: Jugurtha nihil satis firmum contra Metellum putat, Sall. J. 80, 1.—With adversus:
firmus adversus militarem largitionem,
Tac. H. 2, 82:
firmior adversus fortuita,
id. ib. 4, 51:
adversus convicia malosque rumores,
Suet. Tib. 28.— Absol.:
cum neque magnas copias neque firmas haberet,
Nep. Eum. 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 8; Sall. J. 56, 2:
concordi populo nihil esse immutabilius, nihil firmius,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32:
praesidia firmissima,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 35:
fundamenta defensionis firmissima,
id. Cael. 2, 7:
firmior fortuna,
id. Rep. 1, 17:
constitutio Romuli,
id. ib. 2, 31 (ap. Non. 526, 10):
illud ratum, firmum, fixum fuisse vis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141:
officii praecepta firma, stabilia,
id. Off. 1, 2, 6; cf.:
opinio, firma et stabilis,
id. Brut. 30, 114:
firma et constans assensio,
id. Ac. 1, 11, 42:
ne in maximis quidem rebus quicquam adhuc inveni firmius,
id. Or. 71, 237:
spem firmissimam habere,
id. Fam. 6, 5, 4; cf.
, transf.: firmior candidatus,
i. e. who has stronger, greater hopes of being elected, id. Att. 1, 1, 2:
litterae,
i. e. containing news that may be relied upon, id. ib. 7, 25; cf. id. ib. 16, 5:
senatum sua sponte bene firmum firmiorem vestra auctoritate fecistis,
id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; cf.:
vir in suscepta causa firmissimus,
id. Mil. 33, 91:
accusator firmus verusque,
id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29;
with this cf.: vir pro veritate firmissimus,
Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 19:
sunt fortasse in sententia firmiores,
id. Balb. 27, 61:
firmus in hoc,
Tib. 3, 2, 5:
non firmus rectum defendis et haeres,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 26:
firmus proposito,
Vell. 2, 63 fin.; so,
firmissimus irā,
Ov. M. 7, 457: firmo id constantique animo facias licet, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 2:
nunc opus pectore firmo,
Verg. A. 6, 261:
firmi amici sunt (opp.: amici collabascunt),
Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 16:
firmi et stabiles et constantes (amici),
Cic. Lael. 17, 62:
ex infidelissimis sociis firmissimos reddere,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 14:
non brevis et suffragatoria, sed firma et perpetua amicitia,
Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 26:
firmissimae amicitiae,
Quint. 1, 2, 20:
fides firma nobis,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 6.—
* (β).
Poet. with inf.:
fundus nec vendibilis nec pascere firmus,
able, capable, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 47. —Hence, adv., firmly, steadily, lastingly, powerfully; in two (equally common) forms: firme and firmĭter.
(α).
Form firme, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 24; id. Trin. 2, 2, 54:
insistere,
Suet. Calig. 26:
firme graviterque aliquid comprehendere,
Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; cf.:
satis firme aliquid concipere animo,
id. ib. 2, 2, 6:
continere multa,
Quint. 11, 2, 2:
sustinere assensus suos,
Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 31:
graviter et firme respondere,
Plin. Ep. 6, 13, 3.—
(β).
Form firmiter: firmiter hoc tuo sit pectore fixum, Lucil. ap. Non. 512, 20:
nisi suffulcis firmiter,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 77:
insistere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26, 1:
in suo gradu collocari,
Cic. Rep. 1, 45 fin.: stabilita matrimonia, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 512, 23 (Rep. 6, 2 ed. Mos.):
promisisse,
Plaut. Ps. 3, 2 111:
meminisse,
Gell. 13, 8, 2.—
b.
Comp.:
firmius durare,
Plin. 35, 12, 46, § 165:
firmius coire,
Ov. H. 19, 67.—
c.
Sup.:
asseverare,
Cic. Att. 10, 14 fin.:
pulvinus quam firmissime statuatur,
Vitr. 5, 12.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > firmus
17 Jobs, Steven Paul

SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology

[br]

b. 24 February 1955 San Francisco, California, USA

[br]

American engineer who, with Stephen Wozniak, built the first home computer.

[br]

Moving with his family to Mountain View, Palo Alto, in 1960, Jobs entered Homestead High School, Cupertino, in 1968. At about the same time he joined the Explorers' Club for young engineers set up by Hewlett-Packard Company. As a result of this contact, three years later he met up with Stephen Wozniak, who was working at Hewlett-Packard and helped him with the construction of the first home computer based on the 8-bit MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor. In 1973 he went to Reid College, Portland, Oregon, to study engineering, but he dropped out in the second semester and spent time in India. On his return he obtained a job with Atari to design video games, but he soon met up again with Wozniak, who had been unable to interest Hewlett-Packard in commercial development of his home computer. Together they therefore founded Apple Computer Company to make and market it, and found a willing buyer in the Byte Shop chain store. The venture proved successful, and with the help of a financial backer, Mike Markkula, a second version, the Apple II, was developed in 1976. With Jobs as Chairman, the company experienced a phenomenal growth and by 1983 had 4,700 employees and an annual turnover of US$983 million. The company then began to run into difficulties and John Sculley, a former president of Pepsi-Cola, was brought in to manage the business while Jobs concentrated on developing new computers, including the Apple Macintosh. Eventually a power struggle developed, and with Sculley now Chairman and Chief Executive, Jobs resigned in 1985 to set up his own computer company, NeXt.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

First National Technology Medal (with Wozniak) 1985.

Further Reading

J.S.Young, 1988, Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward: Scott Foresman \& Co. (includes a biography and a detailed account of Apple Company).

M.Moritz, 1984, The Little Kingdom. The Private Story of Apple Computers.

KF

Biographical history of technology > Jobs, Steven Paul
18 δυνατός

δυνατός, ή, όν (Pind., Hdt.+; loanw. in rabb.).

① pert. to being capable or competent

ⓐ in general sense, able, capable, powerful of beings and their attributes, esp. political power or influence

α. of transcendent beings: God (Plut., Numa 65 [9, 2]; IG XII, 8, 74; ILydiaKP [s. δύναμις 5] no. 224 p. 117; Ps 23:8; 44:4, 6; Ps.-Phocyl. 54; EpArist 139; Just., D. 129, 1) D 10:4. God as ὁ δ. (Ps 119:4; Zeph 3:17) Lk 1:49. Of angelic beings Hs 9, 4, 1.

β. of humans: prominent people (Thu. 1, 89, 3; X., Cyr. 5, 4, 1; Polyb. 9, 23, 4; oft. LXX; Philo, Mos. 1, 49; Jos., Bell. 1, 242 Ἰουδαίων οἱ δυνατοί; Just., A I, 14, 4 δ. βασιλέων) Ac 25:5; 1 Cor 1:26; Rv 6:15 t.r. (Erasmian rdg.; s. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 57). Of pers. gener. (PsSol 5:3) δ. εἰμι I am empowered 2 Cor 12:10; 13:9; ἄνδρες λίαν καλοὶ καὶ δ. very handsome and powerful men Hs 9, 3, 1. Of women, fig. for virtues 9, 15, 3. Of faith w. ἰσχυρά Hm 9:10. Of the spirit 11:21.

ⓑ specificially, w. ref. to an area of competence or skill

α. of pers. competent δυνατός (εἰμι)=δύναμαι I am able or in a position, skilled, adept Hs 1:8. W. pres. inf. foll. (X., An. 7, 4, 24; Pla., Ep. 7, 340e; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 187 λέγειν δ.) Tit 1:9 be expert in exhortation; Hb 11:19 be capable of raising the dead. W. aor. inf. foll. (PEleph 8, 18; PHib 78, 15; Num 22:38; EpJer 40; 63; Da 3:17) Lk 14:31; Ac 11:17, Ro 4:21; 11:23; 14:4 v.l.; 2 Cor 9:8 v.l.; 2 Ti 1:12; Js 3:2; 1 Cl 48:5; 61:3; Dg 9:1. W. ἔν τινι be strong, capable in someth.=distinguish oneself in it (Ps 23:8; Sir 21:7; 47:5; Jdth 11:8): in word and deed Lk 24:19 (cp. Thu. 1, 139, 4 Pericles λέγειν τε καὶ πράσσειν δυνατώτατος ‘very effective in speech and action’); cp. Ac 7:22 (in both passages the phrase connotes pers. worthy of exceptional honor, s. ἔργον 1a); in the Scriptures= well-versed 18:24; in everything one does Hm 7:1; οἱ δ. those who are strong (in faith) Ro 15:1. W. ἑρμηνεύειν able to translate Papias (2:16).

β. of things (Polyb. 10, 31, 8 προτείχισμα; Zeph 1:14; Wsd 10:12; Jos., Ant. 14, 364): ὅπλα δ. πρός τι weapons powerful enough for someth. 2 Cor 10:4. Of commandments Hs 6, 1, 1. Of God’s created works v 1, 1, 3.

② pert. to being possible (neut.).

ⓐ it is possible δυνατόν ἐστι (Pind., Hdt. et al.; pap; 2 Macc 3:6) w. acc. and inf. (EpArist 230; Just., A I, 39, 4) Ac 2:24; Dg 9:4. W. inf. foll. (Horapollo 1, 21 p. 31 μαθεῖν; Just., A I, 63, 9 ἀναγράψαι πάντα al.) 9:6. εἰ δ. if (it is) possible (EpArist 9; Jos., Ant. 4, 310; 13, 31; B-D-F §127, 2) Mt 24:24; Mk 13:22; Ro 12:18; Gal 4:15; ISm 4:1; more completely εἰ δ. ἐστιν (PPetr II, 11 [1], 3; Menand., Epitr. 587 Kö. [907 S.] in a prayer εἴπερ ἐστὶ δυνατόν) Mt 26:39; Mk 14:35. ὡς δ. ἡμῖν … παρέξει ὁ κύριος ἐπιτελεῖν as soon as possible MPol 18:3.—W. dat. of pers. (w. or without copula) for someone (Lucian, Icar. 21 μὴ δυνατόν ἐστί μοι … μένειν; Just., D. 120, 4; Tat. 16, 2) 9:23; 14:36 (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 28, 139 τ. θεοῖς πάντα δυνατά; Philo, Virt. 26 πάντα θεῷ δ.); Ac 20:16; Hs 5, 7, 3 (PGiss 79 II, 4; Jos., Ant. 3, 189). W. παρά τινι with someone = for someone Mt 19:26; Mk 10:27; Lk 18:27.

ⓑ τὸ δ. = ἡ δύναμις (Polyb. 1, 55, 4; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 45 §191; EpArist 229; cp. τὸ ὁμοιωθῆναι τῷ θεῷ κατὰ τὸ δ.; Did., Gen 145, 6) God’s power (EpArist 133) Ro 9:22. ἐν δυνατῷ εἶναι be in the realm of possibility (OGI 771, 49; PCairZen 42, 4 [257 B.C.]; 209, 1 [254 B.C.]) B 17:1.—B. 295f. DELG s.v. δύναμαι. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δυνατός
19 καί

καί conjunction (Hom.+), found most frequently by far of all Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here than in other Gk. lit. but oft. in a different sense, or rather in different circumstances, it contributes greatly to some of the distinctive coloring of the NT style.—HMcArthur, ΚΑΙ Frequency in Greek Letters, NTS 15, ’68/69, 339–49. The vivacious versatility of κ. (for earlier Gk. s. Denniston 289–327) can easily be depressed by the tr. ‘and’, whose repetition in a brief area of text lacks the support of arresting aspects of Gk. syntax.

① marker of connections, and

ⓐ single words

α. gener. Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας Mt 13:55. χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν 2:11. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή Ro 7:12. πολυμερῶς κ. πολυτρόπως Hb 1:1. ὁ θεὸς κ. πατήρ God, who is also the Father 1 Cor 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of the same word for emphasis (OGI 90, 19 [196 B.C.] Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας κ. μέγας; pap in Mayser II/1, 54) μείζων κ. μείζων greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6. ἔτι κ. ἔτι again and again B 21:4; Hs 2, 6 (B-D-F §493, 1; 2; s. Rob. 1200).

β. w. numerals, w. the larger number first δέκα καὶ ὁκτώ Lk 13:16. τεσσεράκοντα κ. ἕξ J 2:20. τετρακόσιοι κ. πεντήκοντα Ac 13:20.—The καί in 2 Cor 13:1 ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα=‘or’ ([v.l. ἢ τριῶν for καὶ τριῶν as it reads Mt 18:16]; cp. Js 4:13 v.l. σήμερον καὶ αὔριον=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phd. 63e; X., De Re Equ. 4, 4 ἁμάξας τέτταρας καὶ πέντε; Heraclides, Pol. 58 τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας; Polyb. 3, 51, 12 ἐπὶ δυεῖν καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις; 5, 90, 6; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 28 εἷς καὶ δύο=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W. τριέτης καὶ τετραέτης) by the statement of two or three witnesses every charge must be sustained, as explained by Dt 19:15.

γ. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239 τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς θεούς; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1) Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Peter and the rest of the apostles Ac 5:29. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς κ. τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον the high priest and all the rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the whole and especially (πᾶς Ἰουδὰ καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ 2 Ch 35:24; cp. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6) τοῖς μαθηταῖς κ. τῷ Πέτρῳ Mk 16:7. σὺν γυναιξὶ κ. Μαριάμ Ac 1:14.

δ. The expr. connected by καί can be united in the form of a hendiadys (Alcaeus 117, 9f D.² χρόνος καὶ καρπός=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6, 9, 4; 6, 57, 5 ὑπεροχὴ καὶ δυναστεία=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1 ὑπεροχὴ τῆς δυναστείας; Diod S 5, 67, 3 πρὸς ἀνανέωσιν καὶ μνήμην=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2 ἀνάγκη καὶ τύχη=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2 ἐπιβουλὴ κ. θάνατος=a fatal plot; Jos., Ant. 12, 98 μετὰ χαρᾶς κ. βοῆς=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82 ἀκρίβεια κ. φυλακή) ἐξίσταντο ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ they were amazed at his intelligent answers Lk 2:47. δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα κ. σοφίαν I will give you wise utterance 21:15. τροφὴ κ. εὐφροσύνη joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17. ἐλπὶς κ. ἀνάστασις hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29 ἐλπὶς καὶ σωτηρία; s. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, ConNeot 4, ’40, 1–4).

ε. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should be a ptc. (s. B-D-F §471; Rob. 1135f) ἀποτολμᾷ κ. λέγει = ἀποτολμῶν λέγει he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20. ἔσκαψεν κ. ἐβάθυνεν (=βαθύνας) Lk 6:48. ἐκρύβη κ. ἐξῆλθεν (=ἐξελθών) J 8:59. Sim. χαίρων κ. βλέπων I am glad to see Col 2:5. Linking of subordinate clause and ptc. Μαριὰμ ὡς ἦλθεν … καὶ ἰδοῦσα J 11:32 v.l. Cp. παραλαβών … καὶ ἀνέβη Lk 9:28 v.l.

ⓑ clauses and sentences

α. gener.: ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει κ. τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). εἰσῆλθον … κ. ἐδίδασκον Ac 5:21. διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ κ. συνάξει τὸν σῖτον Mt 3:12. κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία Ro 4:14 and very oft. Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or quotations (e.g. Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).

β. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the speech of everyday life, of using κ. as a connective where more discriminating usage would call for other particles: καὶ εἶδον καὶ (for ὅτι) σεισμὸς ἐγένετο Rv 6:12. καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς … καὶ (for ὅτι) ἔλεγον and the king learned that they were saying Mk 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96, ’43/44, 119–31). τέξεται υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (for οὗ τὸ ὄνομα καλ.) Mt 1:21; cp. Lk 6:6; 11:44. καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς Mk 9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative καὶ ἐγένετο … καὶ (like וַ … וַיְהִי) and it happened or came about … that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1 v.l. (for ἐγένετο δὲ … καὶ; so also the text of 6:12), 12, 17; 14:1; 17:11 al. (Gen 7:10 al.; JosAs 11:1; 22:1). S. MJohannessohn, Das bibl. Καὶ ἐγένετο u. seine Geschichte, 1926 (fr. ZVS 35, 1925, 161–212); KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29–62; Mlt-Turner 334f; ÉDelebecque, Études Grecques sur L’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65; JVoelz, The Language of the NT: ANRW II/25/2, 893–977, esp. 959–64.—As in popular speech, κ. is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9ff; Mk 1:12ff; Lk 18:32ff; J 2:13ff; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12ff; 9:1ff. On this kind of colloquial speech, which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other (parataxis rather than hypotaxis) s. B-D-F §458; Rdm.² p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO 105ff (LAE 129ff), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2–4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.

γ. It is also coordination rather than subordination when κ. connects an expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50, 5; Pla., Symp. 220c; Aeschin. 3, 71 νὺξ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ παρῆμεν; s. B-D-F §442, 4; KBrugmann⁴-AThumb, Griechische Gramm. 1913, 640*): ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα κ. παραδίδοται the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. κ. ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν when they crucified him Mk 15:25. κ. ἀνέβη εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα when he went up to Jerusalem J 2:13. κ. συντελέσω when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cp. J 4:35; 7:33; Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.

δ. καί introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr./LXX infl. (B-D-F §442, 7; Abel §78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66–72; but not offensive to ears trained in good Gk.: s. Il. 1, 478; Hdt. 1, 79, 2; sim.Thu. 2, 93, 4 ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐχώρουν εὐθύς; 8, 27, 5; Herm. Wr. 13, 1 …, καὶ ἔφης; Delebecque [s. above in β] 130–32) καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ …, κ. ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 3:20. Also κ. ἰδού in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.

ε. connecting negative and affirmative clauses Lk 3:14. οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις κ. τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cp. 3J 10 (οὔτε … καί Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ ‘It wasn’t all lies that Lesbia told you, Doris; and you certainly reported the truth to Myrtium’). After a negative clause, which influences the clause beginning w. καί: μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν … κ. στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 7:6; cp. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27 (Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.

ζ. to introduce a result that comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt 5:15; 23:32; Mk 8:34; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19. καὶ ἔχομεν and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. after the impv., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410ff θέσθε … καὶ … οἴσει, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17) δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου καὶ ποιήσω and then I will make Mt 4:19. εἰπὲ λόγῳ, κ. ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cp. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv 4:1.—καί introduces a short clause that confirms the existence of someth. that ought to be: ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καὶ ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (καλέω 1d) 1J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161 they were to conquer Sardinia, καὶ κατέλαβον=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531 one day would decide [κρίνειν] the fate of Rome, καὶ ἐκρίθη).

η. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet, and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29 Kayser] ῥητορικώτατον καὶ δεινόν; Longus, Past. 4, 17 βουκόλος ἦν Ἀγχίσης καὶ ἔσχεν αὐτὸν Ἀφροδίτη) κ. σὺ ἔρχῃ πρὸς μέ; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cp. 6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with an attempt of some kind (JBlomqvist, Das sogennante και adversativum ’79): but ζητεῖ κ. οὐχ εὑρίσκει but he finds none (no resting place) Mt 12:43. ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν κ. οὐχ εἶδαν but did not see (it) 13:17; cp. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18. Cp. GJs 18:3 (not pap). Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response καὶ ἀποδώσεις μοι Hv 2, 1, 3.

θ. to introduce an abrupt question, which may often express wonder, ill-will, incredulity, etc. (B-D-F §442, 8. For older lit. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p. 247f; for later times EColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): κ. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. κ. τίς; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J 9:36. καὶ τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; how does it happen that … ? 14:22. καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις … ; how is it, then, that you say … J 14:9 v.l. W. a protasis εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, κ. τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cp. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 εἰ [ὁ θεὸς] ψεύδεται, καὶ τίς ἀληθεύει;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (s. ADebrunner, GGA 1926, 151): εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι; οὐ γνωρίζω but if living on here means further productive work, then which shall I choose? I really don’t know. καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν; how, then, is he his son? Lk 20:44 (cp. Gen 39:9).

ι. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—B-D-F §465, 1; Rob. 1182) κ. ἐκωλύθην ἄρχι τοῦ δεῦρο but so far I have been prevented Ro 1:13.

ⓒ oft. explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of καί w. another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so, that is, namely (PPetr II, 18 [1], 9 πληγὰς … καὶ πλείους=blows … indeed many of them.—Kühner-G. II 247; B-D-F §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt-Turner 335) χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν grace, that is, the office of an apostle Ro 1:5. ἀπήγγειλαν πάντα καὶ τὰ τ. δαιμονιζομένων they told everything, namely what had happened to those who were possessed Mt 8:33. καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cp. 1 Cor 3:5; 15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are καὶ οὗτος, καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ταῦτα (the first and last are in earlier Gk.: Hdt., X. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647; II 247) and, also ascensive and indeed, and at that Ἰ. Χρ., καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον J. Chr., (and) indeed him on the cross 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τοῦτο Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα w. ptc. and to be sure Hb 11:12. See B-D-F §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of καί is also plain in Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac 22:25. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25. προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πᾶσιν καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ added this on top of everything else, namely to put John in prison Lk 3:20.

ⓓ After πολύς and before a second adj. καί is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of modern lang. (earlier Gk.: Hom. et al. [Kühner-G. II 252, 1]; cp. Cebes 1, 1 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα ἀναθήματα; 2, 3; B-D-F §442, 11) πολλὰ … κ. ἄλλα σημεῖα many other signs J 20:30 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 318). πολλὰ κ. βαρέα αἰτιώματα many severe charges Ac 25:7. πολλὰ … καὶ ἕτερα Lk 3:18 (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα). πολλοὶ καὶ ἀνυπότακτοι Tit 1:10.

ⓔ introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27, 35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and oft.

ⓕ καί … καί both … and, not only …, but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141b καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ἔξεστι καὶ πιστεύειν.—B-D-F §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Mk 4:41; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. κ. ἐν ὀλίγῳ κ. ἐν μεγάλῳ Ac 26:29. κ. ἅπαξ κ. δίς (s. ἅπαξ 1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts: although … yet (Anthol. VII, 676 Δοῦλος Ἐπίκτητος γενόμην καὶ σῶμʼ ἀνάπηρος καὶ πενίην ῏Ιρος καὶ φίλος ἀθανάτοις ‘I was Epictetus, a slave; crippled in body and an Iros [a beggar in Hom., Od.] in poverty, but dear to the Immortals’) J 15:24; Ac 23:3. καὶ … κ. οὐ Lk 5:36; J 6:36. καὶ οὐ … καί 17:25; κ. … κ. now … now Mk 9:22. On τὲ … καί s. τέ 2c. Somet. w. ἤ q.v. 1aβ.—HCadbury, Superfluous καί in the Lord’s Prayer (i.e. Mt 6:12) and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHatch Festschr.) ’46.

② marker to indicate an additive relation that is not coordinate to connect clauses and sentences, also, likewise, funct. as an adv.

ⓐ simply κ. τὴν ἄλλην the other one also Mt 5:39; cp. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and oft. Freq. used w. pronouns κἀγώ (q.v.). καὶ σύ Mt 26:73. κ. ὑμεῖς 20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and oft. κ. αὐτός (s. αὐτός 1f).

ⓑ intensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; Lk 10:17; J 14:9 v.l.; Ac 5:39; 22:28; Ro 9:24 (ἀλλὰ καί); 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19 (but s. d below); Jd 23; Hs 5, 2, 10; 7:1; ἔτι καὶ νῦν Dg 2:3. CBlackman, JBL 87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b: … even in the act of declaring righteous (cp. the gen. abs. Polemon Soph. B 14 Reader καὶ Δάτιδος ἀποπλέοντος=even though Datis was sailing away). In formulas expressing a wish: ὄφελον καί if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w. a comparative: κ. περισσότερον προφήτου one who is even more than a prophet Mt 11:9. κ. μείζονα ποιήσει J 14:12.

ⓒ In sentences denoting a contrast καί appears in var. ways, somet. in both members of the comparison, and oft. pleonastically, to our way of thinking καθάπερ …, οὕτως καί as …, thus also 2 Cor 8:11. ὥσπερ …, οὕτως καί (Hyperid. 1, 2, 5–8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. ὡς …, οὕτως καί Ro 5:15, 18. ὸ̔ν τρόπον …, οὕτως καί 2 Ti 3:8.—οὕτως καί thus also Ro 6:11. ὡσαύτως καί in the same way also 1 Cor 11:25. ὁμοίως καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 575) J 6:11; Jd 8. ὡς καί Ac 11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5. καθὼς καί Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17. καθάπερ καί Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—καί can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng. so also, so. ὡς … καί Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20. καθὼς … καί Lk 6:31 v.l.; J 6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—οἷος …, τοιοῦτος καί 1 Cor 15:48. After a comp. ὅσῳ καί by so much also Hb 8:6. καί is found in both members of the comparison (s. Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14. καθὼς καὶ … οὕτως καί Col 3:13 (cp. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20–25 ὥσπερ καὶ … οὕτω καί; 3, 38).

ⓓ w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree διὰ τοῦτο καί for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18. διὸ καί Lk 1:35; Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12. εἰς τοῦτο καί 2 Cor 2:9. ὥστε καί 1 Pt 4:19 (but this pass. may well fit in b). ὅθεν καί Hb 7:25; 11:19.

ⓔ after an interrogative (as Thu., X., et al.; s. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also B-D-F §442, 14) at all, still ἱνατί καὶ τ. γῆν καταργεῖ; Lk 13:7. τί καί; (Hyperid. 3, 14 τί καὶ ἀδικεῖ; what kind of wrong, then, is he committing?) τί καὶ ἐλπίζει; why does he still (need to) hope? Ro 8:24. v.l. τί καὶ βαπτίζονται; why are they baptized (at all)? 1 Cor 15:29; cp. vs. 30.

ⓕ used w. a relative, it oft. gives greater independence to the foll. relative clause: Mk 3:14; Lk 10:30; J 11:2 v.l.; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29 al.

ⓖ used pleonastically w. prep.

α. μετά (BGU 412, 6 μετὰ καὶ τ. υἱοῦ) Phil 4:3.

β. σύν (ins in PASA III 612; PFay 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 (BS 265f).

ⓗ w. double names ὁ καί who is also called … (the earliest ex. in a fragment of Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 15, 51 p. 469, 23 Jac. ῏Ωχος καὶ Δαρειαῖος [s. Hatch 141]; OGI 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636; POxy 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12, 285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der Atticismus III 1893, 338; Dssm., B 181ff [BS 313–17]. Lit. in B-D-F §268, 1) Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9. Ἰγνάτιος, ὁ καὶ Θεοφόρος ins of all the letters of Ign.

ⓘ with other particles

α. καὶ γάρ for (s. γάρ 1b).—καὶ γὰρ … ἀλλά (or granted that … but) 2 Cor 13:4; Phil 2:27.—καὶ γὰρ οὐ(κ): neither 1 Cor 11:9; for even … not 2 Cor 3:10.

β. καί γε (without intervening word [opp. earlier Gk, e.g. Pla., Phd. 58d; Rep. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9, VII 450 Littré; Cornutus p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Rhetor Apsines [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; TestReub 4:4 al.; for גָּם always in Theod. [DBarthélemy, Les devanciers d’Aquila ’63, 31ff]), weakened force: (if) only or at least Lk 19:42 v.l.; intensive: indeed (Jos. Ant 29, 19) Ac 2:18 (J 3:2 v.l.; Mel., P. 30, 207); Hm 8:5; 9:9. καί γε οὐ μακράν= and indeed God is not far Ac 17:27.—Kühner-G. II 176b; Schwyzer II 561; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm.² 35–37.

γ. καὶ … δέ and also, but also (s. δέ 5b).

δ. καίτοι (Il. 13, 267 et al., ins, pap; 4 Macc 2:6; 5:18; 7:13; Ath. 8, 1 al.; Mel., P. 58, 422) particle (B-D-F §425, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129 and 1154) w. finite verb (Chion, Ep. 3, 1; Jos. Ant. 5, 78) yet, on the other hand Ac 14:17. W. gen. abs. foll. (BGU 850, 4 [76 A.D.] καίτοι ἐμοῦ σε πολλὰ ἐρωτήσαντος; 898, 26; Philo, Vi. Mos. 1, 20; Jos., Ant. 2, 321; Ath. 19, 2; 25, 2) Hb 4:3.—καίτοι γε or καί τοι γε (since Aristoph., Ach. 611; but esp. in later Gk. [cp. Schwyzer II 561; MMeister, De Aiocho dial., Breslau diss. 1915 p. 31, 5]; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 364b; Jos., Bell. 1, 7, Ant. 5, 36; Epict. 3, 24, 90; Just., A II, 11, 2; D. 7, 3; Ath. 3, 1; 22, 7; SIG 685, 76 and 82 [139 B.C.]) although J 4:2; Ac 14:17 v.l.; Dg 8:3. W. part. foll. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Mel., P. 58, 422) AcPt Ox 849, 18.—Kühner-G. II 151f; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3.—For ἀλλὰ κ., δὲ και, ἐὰν κ., εἰ κ., ἢ κ. s. ἀλλά, δέ, ἐάν, εἰ, ἤ.—ERobson, KAI-Configurations in the Gk. NT, 3 vols. diss. Syracuse ’79. LfgrE s.v. καί col. 1273f (lit.). DELG. M-M. EDNT.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καί
20 μέρος

μέρος, ους, τό (Pind., Hdt.+).

① part, in contrast to the whole

ⓐ gener. (Ocellus Luc. c. 12 τὸ πᾶν ἢ μέρος τι τοῦ παντός; Alex. Aphr., An. II 1 p. 13, 16 μ. ἐν ὅλῳ; Gen 47:24; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 189 τ. ὅλου κ. τῶν μερῶν al.; Ath. 12, 3 μικρῷ μέρει τοῦ παντὸς τὸ πᾶν … δοκιμάζουσιν) w. the gen. of the whole τὸ ἐπιβάλλον μ. τῆς οὐσίας the part of the property that falls to me Lk 15:12 (SIG 346, 36 τὸ μέρος τὸ ἐπιβάλλον; 1106, 80). μ. τι τοῦ ἀγροῦ a part of the field Hs 5, 2, 2. δύο μέρη τῆς ῥάβδου two thirds of the stick (Thu. 1, 104, 2 τῆς Μέμφιδος τῶν δύο μερῶν πρὸς τὸ τρίτον μέρος; SIG 975, 24f) Hs 8, 1, 12f; cp. 8, 5, 3ff; 8, 8, 4; 8, 9, 1. τὸ πλεῖστον μ. αὐτῶν 8, 2, 9; cp. 9, 7, 4 and 8, 1, 16. τὰ λοιπὰ μ. 8, 1, 15. Also without gen., when it is plain fr. the context how much of a contrast betw. part and whole is involved μὴ ἔχον μέρος τι σκοτεινόν with no dark part Lk 11:36; cp. J 19:23 (Jos., Ant. 1, 172 μέρη τέσσαρα ποιήσαντες); Ac 5:2; Rv 16:19; Hv 4, 3, 4f. Of the Christians ἐκλογῆς μ. a chosen portion fr. among all humankind 1 Cl 29:1.

ⓑ specialized uses

α. component, element τινὰ μέρη ἔχουσιν τ. ἀνομίας they still have certain elements of lawlessness Hv 3, 6, 4b.

β. of parts of the body (Diod S 32, 12, 1 τὰ τοῦ σώματος μέρη; Dio Chrys. 16 [33], 62; Plut., Mor. 38a μ. τ. σώματος; Artem. 3, 51 al.; Herodian 8, 4, 10; PRyl 145, 14 [38 A.D.]; PGM 4, 2390; 2392; Tat. 16, 1) fig., of the body whose head is Christ Eph 4:16 (on the text s. μέλος 2; for the idea σῶμα, end).

γ. τὰ μέρη the parts (of a geographical area), region, district (Herodian 6, 5, 7; Jos., Ant. 12, 234; B-D-F §141, 2; s. Rob. 408) τῆς Γαλιλαίας Mt 2:22. τὰ μ. τῆς Λιβύης τῆς κατὰ Κυρήνην Ac 2:10; cp. 20:2. Also of a district in or around a city (cp. UPZ 180b, 8 [113 B.C.] οἰκίας τῆς οὔσης ἐν τῷ ἀπὸ νότου μέρει Διὸς πόλεως) τὰ μ. Τύρου καὶ Σιδῶνος the district of Tyre and Sidon Mt 15:21; cp. 16:13; Mk 8:10; J 6:1 D; Ac 7:43 D. τὰ ἀνωτερικὰ μέρη the upper (=inland) regions, interior (cp. PHamb 54 I, 14 τὰ ἄνω μέρη of the upper Nile valley) Ac 19:1.—Eph 4:9 (s. κατώτερος).

δ. side (Diod S 2, 9, 3 ἐφʼ ἑκάτερον μέρος=on both sides; Ex 32:15; 1 Macc 9:12; TestJud 5:4; Ath. 1, 4 τὸ ἕτερον … τῆς κεφαλῆς μέρος) Hs 9, 2, 3. τὰ δεξιὰ μ. on the right side, τὰ ἀριστερὰ μ. on the left side v 3, 1, 9; 3, 2, 1. Of a vessel τὰ δεξιὰ μ. τοῦ πλοίου the right side of the boat (as the lucky side? cp. Il. 12, 239; 13, 821 of a bird of omen) J 21:6 (of a body part POxy 3195, II 40, 43 [331 A.D.]). τὰ ἐξώτερα μ. τῆς οἰκοδομῆς the outside of the building Hs 9, 9, 3.—New Docs 3, 75.

ε. piece ἰχθύος ὀπτοῦ μέρος a piece of broiled fish Lk 24:42.—μ. τι λαμβάνειν take a portion Hv 3, 1, 6.

ζ. party (Jos., Bell. 1, 143; POxy 1278, 24; PFlor 47, 17; PLond III, 1028, 18 p. 277 [VII A.D.] τοῦ πρασίνου μέρους=‘of the green party’) Ac 23:6. τινὲς τ. γραμματέων τ. μέρους τ. Φαρισαίων vs. 9.

η. branch or line of business (cp. PFlor 89, 2 after Preisigke, Berichtigungsliste 1922, 147 τὰ μέρη τῆς διοικήσεως=‘the branches of the administration’) Ac 19:27.

θ. matter, affair (Menand., Epitr. 234 S. [58 Kö.], Per. 297 S. [107 Kö.]; Diod S 2, 27, 1; Περὶ ὕψους 12, 5 [μέρη=objects]; Jos., Ant. 15, 61 τούτῳ τῷ μέρει; PRyl 127, 12 [29 A.D.] ἀναζητῆσαι ὑπὲρ τοῦ μέρους=‘begin an investigation concerning the matter’) ἐν τούτῳ τῷ μέρει in this case, in this matter (cp. Polyb. 18, 18, 2 τ. πίστιν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ μέρει διαφυλάττειν) 2 Cor 3:10; 9:3 (s. also ἐν μέρει in c below). Cp. 1 Pt 4:16 v.l.

ⓒ used w. prepositions: ἀνὰ μέρος one after the other, in succession (s. ἀνά 2) 1 Cor 14:27.—ἀπὸ μέρους in part (Dio Chrys. 28 [45], 3; Ael. Aristid. 32, 4 K.=12 p. 135 D.; Ptolem., Apotel. 2, 10, 2; Epict. 1, 27, 17 διʼ ὅλων ἢ ἀ. μ.; PRyl 133, 17; BGU 1201, 15 [2 A.D.]; PTebt 402, 2; POxy 1681, 9; Just., A II, 10, 8 Χριστῷ … τῷ … ἄ. μ. γνωσθέντι) πώρωσις ἀ. μ. a partial hardening Ro 11:25. τολμηρότερον … ἀ. μ. very boldly on some points 15:15. καθὼς ἐπέγνωτε ἡμᾶς ἀ. μ. as you have understood us in part 2 Cor 1:14. Also for a while: ἀ. μ. ἐμπλησθῆναί τινος enjoy someone’s company for a while Ro 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 2:5 in some degree.—ἐκ μέρους in part, individually (Ael. Aristid. 54 p. 695 D.; 698; SIG 852, 30 … ὅλη, ἐκ μέρους δέ … ; PLond III, 1166, 14 p. 105 [42 A.D.]; BGU 538, 33; PRyl 233, 6; Philo, Mos. 2, 1 al.) individually 1 Cor 12:27. ἐκ μ. γινώσκειν know in part 13:9a, 12; cp. vs. 9b. τὸ ἐκ μ. what is ‘ in part’ = imperfect vs. 10.—ἐν μέρει in the matter of, with regard to (Antig. Car. 24; Diod S 20, 58, 5; Plut., Mor. 102e; Horapollo 1, 57 ἐν τροφῆς μέρει=‘as food’; GDI 5185, 30 [Crete] ἐν χάριτος μέρει; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 5 ἐν μέρει λόγου al.) ἐν μέρει ἑορτῆς with regard to a festival Col 2:16 (cp. ApcrEzk [Epiph. 70, 14] ἐν τῷ μέρει τῆς ἀδυναμίας ‘in connection with my disability’. See bθ above).—κατὰ μέρος part by part, in detail (ins [s. SIG ind. IV p. 444a]; PTebt 6, 24) περὶ ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν νῦν λέγειν κατὰ μέρος (κ. μ. of the detailed treatment of a subj. as Pla., Theaet. 157b, Soph. 246c; Polyb. 1, 4, 6; 3, 19, 11; 3, 28, 4; 10, 27, 7 λέγειν κ. μ.; Ptolem., Apotel. 2, 11, 7; 2 Macc 2:30; Jos., Ant. 12, 245) point by point Hb 9:5.—παρὰ μέρος to one side (Appian, Liby. 14 §55 γιγνόμενος παρὰ μ.=going to one side, Bell. Civ. 5, 81 §345; PGM 13, 438 βάλε παρὰ μέρος=‘put to one side’) ὁ λίθος ὑπεχώρησε παρὰ μ. the stone went back to one side GPt 9:37.

ⓓ as adv. acc. μέρος τι in part, partly (Thu. 2, 64; 4, 30, 1; X., Eq. 1, 12; SIG 976, 65; 1240, 8 ἤτι μέρος ἢ σύμπαν; 3 Km 12:31) 1 Cor 11:18; τὸ πλεῖστον μ. for the most part (Menand., Fgm. 789 Kö.; Diod S 22, 10, 5) Hs 8, 5, 6; 8, 10, 1. τὸ πλεῖον μ. for the greater part v 3, 6, 4a.

② share (Trag. et al.) μ. τι μεταδοῦναι ἀπό τινος give a share of someth. 1:5 (on μέρος ἀπό τινος cp. PStras 19, 5 [105 A.D.] τοῦ ὑπάρχοντος αὐτῷ μέρους ἑνὸς ἀπὸ μερῶν ἐννέα) δώσω αὐτοῖς … μέρος δικαιοσύνης μετὰ τῶν ἁγίων μου I will give them … a share of uprightness with my holy ones i.e. those rescued from perdition will enjoy the same redeemed status as those who are already in the divine presence ApcPt Rainer 6. ἔχειν μ. ἔν τινι have a share in someth. (cp. Synes., Ep. 58 p. 203a οὐκ ἔστι τῷ διαβόλῳ μέρος ἐν παραδείσῳ) Rv 20:6 (Dalman, Worte 103f). ἀφελεῖ ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς 22:19.— Place (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 34 §154 ἐν ὑπηκόων ἀντὶ κοινωνῶν εἶναι μέρει=to be in the place of subjects instead of partners) τὸ μ. αὐτῶν ἐν τ. λίμνῃ their place is in the lake Rv 21:8. ἔχειν μ. μετά τινος have a place with someone J 13:8. τὸ μ. τινὸς μετὰ τῶν ὑποκριτῶν τιθέναι assign someone a place among the dissemblers (hypocrites) Mt 24:51; cp. Lk 12:46. μετʼ αὐτῶν μοι τὸ μ. γένοιτο σχεῖν ἐν (v.l. παρὰ) θεῷ may I have my place with them in (or with) God IPol 6:1. τοῦ λαβεῖν μ. ἐν ἀριθμῷ τῶν μαρτύρων MPol 14:2.—B. 934. DELG s.v. μείρομαι II. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

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